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An online article title New Study Links Sleeping With Lights On To Weight Gain In Women by Jacqueline Howard, CNN, was published June 10, 2019. Data was collected on 43,722 women. aged 35 to 7'4, in the United States. The women selfreported their sleeping habits as either no light. small nightlight in the room, light outside of the room, or light or television in the room. Results reported that the proportion of women who were overweight or obese was higher among those who slept with light or television in the room than for those who slept with no artificial light. 1. Can we conclude that weight gain is caused by sleeping with a light on? Explain why or why not? O No. because this was an observational study. so cause cannot be concluded. 0 Yes. because the studyI reported that the proportion of women who were overweight or obese was higher among those who slept with light on than those who didn't. 0 Yes. because this was a well-destgned experiment. 0 No. because there were too many dierent possible sources of light while sleeping. 2. a. Is it possible that weight gain is caused by sleeping with a light on? Explain. O No. it is not reasonable to conclude that there is any was light could cause weight gain. O Yes. it could he that a biological mechanism causes energy conservation and storage in the presence of light while sleeping. b. Is it possible that weight gain and sleeping with the light on are both caused by a third {lurking} variable? Explain. O No. there's no other variable that could cause both weight gain and sleeping with the light on. 0 Yes. it is possible that a metabolic disorder could cause weight gain and anxiety about darkness at night. c. Is it possible that sleeping with a light on contributes to weight gain along with other variables? Explain. O Yes. it is possible that light along with a metabolic disorder. along with other possible variables contribute to weight gain. 0 No. Ihe relationship between light and weight is nol that complicated. d. Is it possible that the relationship between weight gain and light during sleep is a coincidence and that other studies would show different results? 0 YES. It's DOSSIDIEI that these results are a "uk and a new study shows contradictory results. 0 No. since the).I found thal the proportion of women who were overweight or obese was higher among those who slept with light. it can't be coincidence. 3. Which explanation for the relationship do you think is most likely