hen firms kept leases off their balance sheets it tended to a. make the firms appear riskier than they actually were because their stated debt ratios were increased. b. have no effect on either cash flows or risk because the cash flows were already reflected in the income statement. c. affect the lessee's cash flows but only due to tax effects. d. make the firms appear less risky than they actually were because their stated debt ratios appeared to be lower. e. affect the firms' cash flows but not their degree of risk.