Henrich is a single taxpayer. In 2018, his taxable income is $459,000. What is his income tax and net investment income tax liability in each of the following alternative scenarios?

a. All of his income is salary from his employer.

b. His $459,000 of taxable income includes $2,000 of long-term capital gain that is taxed at preferential rates.

c. His $459,000 of taxable income includes $57,000 of long-term capital gain that is taxed at preferential rates.

d. Henrich has $199,500 of taxable income, which includes $51,800 of long-term capital gain that is taxed at preferential rates. Assume his modified AGI is $210,000.