Hermkens (2021) says that the effect of downsizing on Middle Managers is that they now play a role similar to that of the General Manager forty years ago. This means that they have to work harder and longer to handle a much wider range of responsibilities in a company where there is less job security and more work pressure.

Willcocks and Griffiths (2012) say that the effects of outsourcing require Middle Managers to do four specific jobs well: Coordinator (the "glue" that keeps the company and its outside suppliers working well together), Knowledge repository (a source of information, experience, and valuable lessons learned), Social capitalist (builds important social capital by managing supplier relationships well), Change agent (comfortable and adaptive to change in pursuit of optimum business performance)

QUESTION

When considering downsizing and/or outsourcing, what obstacles are there?

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