Hi, can you help formulate an outline for the following report question: Your task is to analyse key management issues,proposeviablerecommendations to address the management issues youidentifiedand outline a simple step-by-step plan to implement your recommendations.

This is answered in reference to the attached case study.

Structure:

• Executive Summary
• Introduction
• Analysis of key management issues
• Recommendations
• Implementation and evaluation
• Conclusion

Thank you!

If you've ever been stuck in traffic and worried that you'll be late for work, an exam or a date, you know how frustrating congestion can be. It can easily turn an eight-hour workday into 10, 11 or 12 hours away from home. But traffic congestion is not only an inconvenience; it also wastes fuel, contributes to air pollution and comes with a huge economic cost. For example, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) expects traffic congestion to cost the Philippines more than $130 000 a day - almost $50 million a year - by 2035 unless measures are taken to address the prohlem * Cities in the Philippines and Malaysia suffer some of the worst traffic congestion of urbanised areas anywhere in the world. While Manila and Kuala Lumpur have particularly bad congestion, other Asian cities including Yangon City, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, Bangkok, Bandung, Jakarta and Singapore also have substantial congestion. A solution? Governments around the world have tried various strategies to combat congestion. For example, most major cities have public transport networks using trains, buses, ferries (like Brisbane), trams (like Melbourne and San Francisco) and even cable cars (Mexico City and soon Paris). In Copenhagen, Denmark, the city authority spends about 40 per capita on maintaining and expanding cycling infrastructure.? The city and its surrounds are covered by an extensive network of cycle paths, bike racks, repair stations and lighting, designed to make riding safe, convenient and enjoyable. The strategy has been so successful that more than 60 per cent of journeys for work and education in Copenhagen are made by bicycle. This greatly reduces the pressure on the road network. In London, a charge is imposed on traffic in the London 'congestion charge zone' from 7 am to 6 pm on weekdays, and afternoons on weekends and bank holidays. The charge is 15 per day and, alongside busy roads and expensive parking, discourages driving in the city * The system was inspired by a similar approach in Singapore. Residents are encouraged to use public transport instead. The city also imposes additional charges on heavy diesel vehicles that enter its 'low emission zone'. which covers most of Nayg, Toe Greater London. This is designed to encourage commercial vehicle operators to adopt more environmentally friendly transport. A more recent approach - tried with mixed results in various cities around the world - has been the introduction of 'micromobility' solutions publicly or privately operated electric bicycles and electric scooters intended for short journeys (less than 8 km). Operators have generally targeted markets where rideshare (such as Uber) has already proved popular, as they interpret this as a good indicator that people will be open to using an app to access shared e-scooters. The Opportunity for Grab? Singapore-based company Grab Holdings Incorporated was founded on the belief that a technology company can be profitable; help support other entrepreneurs and small businesses; and improve environmental, social and human sustainability. It operates a successful rideshare service along with food and groceries delivery services. & The common thread running throughout its businesses is the use of an app to provide customers with access to services coordinated through a technology platform. With the app and supporting technology in place, it was relatively easy for Grab to respond to the market opportunity for micromobility solutions. In 2018 Grab began offering shared unpowered bicycles and e-scooters to students and staff at the 150-hectare National University of Singapore campus. Feedback and usage quickly indicated e-scooters were more popular than bicycles. This is believed to be mainly due to the greater comfort provided by a powered solution in the country's hot, humid weather. Grab expanded its 'Grab\\\\(hegls e-scooter solution into Indonesia, initially serving students and staff on campus at Universitas Indonesia (which already had hire bikes and on-campus shuttle buses) but quickly expanding. Grab\\\\heels won considerable popularity among young people in Jakarta and Tangerang, who mainly used the devices for recreation rather than transport. In early 2020, just before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, Taiwan-based motorbike company Kymeq entered a partnership to explore how it could supply e-scooters to Grah\\\\bhesls. It was suggested GrahWhegls could eventually have 250 million e-scooters across South-East Asia with about 40 per cent of these being in Indonesia. How does work? The way Grah\\\\heels operates is as follows. 14 s Users download the Grab 'super app', which provides access to rideshare, food delivery, e-scooter and other Grab services. Only adults can use the service. Users choose the Grab\\Wheels, option from the Grab app home page. The app includes a map that directs users to the nearest available scooter. Users scan a code on the scooter using their mobile device. The app links the scooter to the user's account and unlocks the scooter. Payment is made through secure electronic funds transfer. Twenty minutes of use costs less than $2. s Certified helmets are provided with the scooters to meet safety requirements. s Users are required to leave their scooter at a Grabl\\heels, parking lot. When they do so, the app unlinks the scooter from their account. The Competition Grab\\\\heels, faces competition from other operators with similar solutions as well as from traditional public and private transport. In Singapore the main public transport option is a cheap, fast and extensive underground rail network that connects the entire city. Public buses are also available. Singapore is often recognised as having one of the best public transport systems in the world. In Thailand buses are the main form of public transport for long trips, as there is a limited rail network. Public motorbike taxis are very popular in cities as they allow easy navigation of congested roads. There are also conventional taxis and three-wheel mini-taxis called fuktyks, In and around the Malaysian capital Kuala Lumpur, buses and a variety of rail services operate between fixed points, while taxis and motorbike taxis provide flexible transport between other locations. Grab\\Wheels' e-scooter competitors include Jglepad and Neuron Mobility in Singapore. Neuron also operates in Thailand and Malaysia, where it competes with Beam. Beam has an interesting approach in Malaysia, allowing users to stop riding anywhere they choose they pick up a scooter from a docking station to begin their journey, but do not have to leave the scooter in a designated spot. Beam believes this makes the service more attractive and flexible than competitors who only allow scooter use between a network of fixed points, which is more how public transport works. To ensure scooters aren't lost, Beam tracks them with an Internet-of-Things device and through an app on the user's mobile phone. It is working with Kuala Lumpur authorities to introduce measures to reduce theft. Beam uses technology to limit the speed of the e-scooter when required for safety while travelling in certain areas. It can also disable the motor entirely if it enters a restricted zone where the scooters are not permitted. Feasibility and Challenges All operators have paid a cost for the technology in the scooters with high purchase and maintenance costs leading to financial losses during the start-up phase. It appears essential to develop cheaper scooters and achieve economies of scale to improve the financial feasibility of the business model. E-scooters have proved popular for people looking at ways to make short journeys without having to use public transport, walk or battle road congestion, but this has created some new problems. * Most cities are not set up for e-scooters. + Footpaths designed for walking are narrow and uneven. + There is often no space to create dedicated lanes on roadways. * Many people have become concerned that e-scooters present a serious safety risk to both riders and pedestrians. Singapore After a string of injuries and deaths resulting from collisions, Singapore introduced laws to ban powered bicycles on footpaths but they could still be used on roads. From 3 April 2020 e-scooters (along with hoverboards!) could not be used on footpaths, roads or pedestrian-only paths; they could only be used on 'shared paths', which are generally cycling paths. As with driving, mobile phone use is not allowed while riding an e-scooter. Singapore also adjusted laws so e-scooters and powered bicycles could only be legally used if they compliance by some operators, including Neuron F\\c-)l:-:i-liiy and Tglepod, led to the companies having e-scooters confiscated and impounded by Singapore's transport authorities. 18 From 1 January 2022 people wishing to ride e-scooters in Singapore are required to obtain a 'licence. 19 This involves a one-off fee of about S$10, but also requires studying a 60-page handbook and then passing an online theory test. Indonesia In Indonesia Grab\\{heels, faced a significant blow to its operations following a collision between a scooter and a vehicle in which two people were killed and four were injured. New laws were introduced limiting e-scooters to designated areas. They were no longer allowed on public roads, footpaths or in bicycle lanes. 21 Grab worked with the Jakarta Provincial Government to implement new, stricter rules, including reduced speeds and fines and other penalties for users who do not comply with Grab\\lbegls terms and conditions. Grab\\\\hegls, implemented new measures to increase education about e-scooter use and improve social awareness of its customers in a bid to improve compliance with its rules.? However, the arrival of COVID-19 led to the suspension of Grabl\\ilheels licence to operate. After Grab\\heels, recommenced operations, it focused on enhancing its relations with authorities, improving and promoting the potential environmental benefits of its service, as well as bettering customer behaviour. In 2021, 35 electric scooters and 25 electric bikes were provided to the Jakarta Transportation Agency (JTA) for use by inspectors and other employees as part of an initiative to reduce greenhouse emissions.23 Malaysia In Kuala Lumpur riding e-scooters on city streets was banned from 1 January 2021 due to concerns about risks and inconvenience to the riders and other road users. This limited legal e-scooter use to pedestrian areas, cycling paths, shopping malls, playgrounds and other gazetted areas, though there was some uncertainty about police attitudes towards this. Riders with a special permit from the Road Transport Department may still ride on public roads. Can it work? E-scooters have been met with a mixed response where they have been introduced around the world. In some countries, some have adopted them as a legitimate and welcome alternative to other forms of transport (including walking), while in others they have been mainly used for recreation. As a relatively new form of transport, laws and regulations have changes to the laws they and their customers must follow. What do you think about the e-scooter business? Can it work in the long term and can it grow beyond a niche? Does it have the potential to form part of a solution to congestion? Or to overall social and environmental sustainability