Hi! Please I need help on how to response to the discussions below. There are four discussions and I need a response to each of them. DO NOT copy the original post. And please don't forget to include a reference. Thank you

DISCUSSION #1:

I've come to realize that I have a minor habit: I don't make my bed in the mornings. Even though this is really minor, I could never bring myself to correct it. I have a great deal of organization and I'm very big on cleanness. I opted on using classical conditioning which is learning that happens when a neutral stimulus linked with a stimulus that naturally induces a response, as a solution to this problem while using techniques from the lecture. I decided to set an alarm in order to start making my bed before leaving for work. In the mornings, I have a routine: I get up, get dressed, put my hair in a bun, brush my teeth, wash my face and also apply my makeup. I set an alarm called "FIX YOUR BED" to remind me to make my bed before continuing with the remainder of my morning routine. After some time, this process grew more seamless and gradually began to become a part of my daily morning routine. The conditioning became apparent to me when I realized that no matter what I was doing at the time, I would always move toward my bed and automatically start fixing it usually this procedure happened whenever I would be done or close to done doing my makeup which is around the time the alarm would go off. The alarm became less required. Positive reinforcement would be the feeling of cleanliness and calmness it gave after a long day of work, which made me feel more productive and energetic the remainder of the day. I felt more at ease returning to a made bed. Finding a poor habit in my life was challenging because I often maintain a balanced schedule throughout the week due to a quiet excessive number of activities I am required to complete during the week.

Learning. (n.d.). https://leocontent.umgc.edu/content/umuc/tus/psyc/psyc100/2228/learning-resourcelist/learning.html

Discussion #2:

One of my bad habits that I want to fix is not getting enough exercise as since my injury to my shoulder I have been very limited in the exercises that I was able to do & because of that limitation that has been placed on what I want to do I haven't been able to go to the gym and haven't been exercising enough. Now I may not be able to go back to the gym just yet but I can still exercise in the form walking or running to get my daily exercise that I put off due to the excuse of being hurt and not wanting to do cardio and in that time that I could be walking or running I find myself listening to some podcast that I like and relaxing. To change this habit, I implemented listening to the podcast while going for a walk to give myself some type of positive reinforcement which would be using the operant conditioning to learn a new habit and change my old one and because of the reinforcement being able to listen to my podcasts I can use a continuous reinforcement schedule. Knowing myself and how just say I would wait till I go on my walk to listen to my podcasts I would need to make a schedule for when I go on my walk and so I strived to take my walk in the afternoon around five every day.

After 5 days I have continued through with my plan of using positive reinforcement to get myself outside and walking and so far, it has been successful as I may not enjoy doing cardio very much in comparison to going to the gym, I've been able to go each day at five instead of relaxing and not going for a walk. However, on the second day it rained and was nasty outside and just using my enjoyment of podcasts to learn a new habit was almost not enough to get myself moving and had it been snow outside or freezing I don't know if it would be enough reinforcement to change my habit so if you were to use this method on yourself a strong motivator or reinforcement definitely helps.

DISCUSSION #3:

The Middle Ages or Dark Ages as they are sometimes referred to. Were a 1000-year span from the fall of the Western Roman Empire till 1500 A.D. Considered by the Renaissance scholars to be an intellectual wasteland. A bit of slander that also suited the Protestant Reformation at the time, as an argument against the influence of the Catholic Church. In this post I will be tackling the age-old argument about the aforementioned slander. (Broedel, 2)

Firstly, we'll look at the history of the time for context. The Early Middle Ages were 500-1000 A.D. Which saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire, resulting in a tragic loss of vast amounts of infrastructure, information, and education. The High Middles Ages started in roughly 1000 A.D. Which saw local trade networks flourish. This resulted in more stability and thus security from the improving economic conditions. Tragically with severe local famines, the Hundred Years War, and the Bubonic Plague the state of Europe declined drastically at the end of the High Middle Ages. (Broedel, 3)

The technological advancements of the time involved a broad range of fields. Starting with the method of farming which would adopt heavy plowing. A tool that allowed for deep furrows in the earth. Burying weeds and allowing for better fertilization. Watermills and windmills are also seen in broad use. Warfare also evolved, with the knight, castles, and trebuchets. (Broedel 4,5,6), The reformation of the Church started the rise of universities and rediscovery of the Greek and Roman philosophers. It also sparked "Medieval Science" resulting in higher levels of education. (Broedel, 8)

In conclusion, though the Middle Ages are often attacked. They were a time of technological advancement in the face of terrible wars and plagues. Though progress was indeed slower, and the advancements less well known, there was indeed progress. Progress that I would argue faced much more adversity than those of the Renaissance Era.

Broedel, Hans Peter. "The Medieval Period (500 to 1400 CE) - Europe." UMGC Learning Resource List. Accessed [October 18, 2023]. URL:https://leocontent.umgc.edu/content/umuc/tus/hist/hist125/2228/learning-resourcelist/medieval-period-500-to-1400-ce-europe.html.

DISCUSSION #4:

Medieval Europeans and West Africans developed distinct agricultural technologies to navigate their environments and soil types. These regions faced unique challenges, and the agricultural practices developed resulted from adapting to their specific conditions. In this article, we will compare and contrast the agricultural technologies employed by these two regions, focusing on their responses to differing soil types. Agricultural Technology in Medieval Europe encompassed the challenges a broad spectrum of soil types posed, ranging from fertile loam to less productive earth. Notably, plows, serving as indispensable agricultural instruments, underwent significant evolution during this era. European farmers devised robust, wheeled plows featuring a pivotal moldboard capable of effectively overturning dense, clay-rich soils. This ingenious technology revolutionized deep cultivation practices, empowering them to harness less fertile soil efficiently. Additionally, an innovative method, crop rotation, entailed the alternating planting of crops as a strategic countermeasure against soil depletion. This meticulous practice not only addressed the issues of soil erosion and exhaustion but also significantly contributed to agricultural sustainability in Medieval Europe. Agricultural Technology in West Africa involved harnessing the region's diverse environment, including savannas, rainforests, and arid areas. Farmers in this region employed innovative methods to adapt to soil diversity. A crucial technique was using raised beds and mounds, which improved soil aeration and water drainage, enabling farming in regions with heavy rainfall and high clay content. Furthermore, West Africans implemented terracing systems to optimize arable land on hilly terrain, preserving precious topsoil. Technological responses to differing soil types are crucial for agricultural and construction purposes. In "Black Rice" by Carney, the historical example of how Asian farmers developed and used specific tools and techniques to manage waterlogged paddy fields suited for the unique soil requirements of rice cultivation exemplifies soil-specific technologythese innovations, such as terracing and irrigation systems, optimized soil moisture and fertility. In contrast, Broedel's "Foundations of Empire" discusses the construction of fortifications and buildings in Europe. The technology used in this context focuses on the adaptability of structures to varying soil conditions. For example, engineers employed deep foundation techniques in regions with loose or sandy soil, while areas with rocky soil required different drilling and anchoring methods. This highlights the importance of soil assessment and technology tailored to local conditions.