Hoffer, George, and Valacich $(2014,$ Modern Systems Analysis and Design$)$ suggest that it makes sense to design based on data rather than processes because

$($hints: even if you don't recall the reference, think about what makes sense in terms of organizations, and think about data not in terms of stored data, but entities and attributes$)$

Question $7$ options:

Processes have a longer useful life than data

Processes are more stable than data

Data is less complicated than processes

Data is more stable than processes