Homestead Oil Corporation was incorporated on January 1, 2022, and issued the following stock for cash: 710,000 shares of no-par common stock were authorized; 160,000 shares were issued on January 1, 2022, at $18.00 per share. 210,000 shares of $110 par value, 9.00% cumulative, preferred stock were authorized; 71,000 shares were issued on January 1, 2022, at $140 per share. Net income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 was $1,250,000 and $2,690,000, respectively. No dividends were declared or paid during 2022. However, on December 27, 2023, the board of directors of Homestead declared dividends of $1,850,000, payable on February 11, 2024, to holders of record as of January 16, 2024. Required:

1. Use the horizontal model for the issuance of common stock and preferred stock on January 1, 2022. Indicate the financial statement effect.

2. Use the horizontal model for the declaration of dividends on December 27, 2023. Indicate the financial statement effect.

3. Use the horizontal model for the payment of dividends on February 11, 2024. Indicate the financial statement effect.