How are UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES an example of $$off$-$balance$-$sheet financing$?$

Companies are able to avoid recognizing interest expense associated with subsidiaries that are MORE than $50\%$ owned by the company.

Companies are able to avoid recognizing debt associated with subsidiaries that are LESS than $50\%$ owned by the company.

Companies are able to avoid recognizing income tax expense associated with subsidiaries that are MORE than $50\%$ owned by the company.

Companies are able to avoid recognizing cost of goods sold associated with subsidiaries that are MORE than $50\%$ owned by the company.