How could firms use options and futures contracts to HEDGE their exposure to energy prices (for example, an airline which needs to buy huge quantities of jet fuel, or a Marcellus Shale oil fracking producer) or to the Euro (for example, a German company whose functional currency is the Euro, and which will deliver a machine to a US client in April and be paid $5 million US, or Boeing, the US aircraft manufacturer who will receive a 250 million Euro payment from Lufthansa in March 2017 as a progress payment on an order of 10 737-900 aircraft). ALSO How could a hedge fund manager use these tools to speculate and earn profits for his firm in these same two markets as a result of these same events?