How do companies make it tough to compete with them?

Warren Buffett calls the "moats" Barriers to Entry examples:

• 1) Patents are government-backed monopolies.
• 2) Licenses/permits. Licenses and permit fees .example are: realtors, beauticians, Certified Public Accountants, Lawyers, Doctors, etc.
• 3) Standards and regulation. .Facebook wants government regulation to increase costs for competitors.
• 4) High Start-up Costs. ...The cost to get the plans for a single family home approved by various City of Los Angeles government agencies is $100,000.
• 5) Economies of Scale. ...Motor Vehicle plants need to make at least 100,000 vehicles/year
• 6) Loyalty Programs - like supermarkets, coffee chops, etc. have.