"How do fundamental principles of chemistry and physics underpin the core theories in chemical engineering? Explore the interplay between thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport phenomena in designing processes and optimizing reactions. Consider the role of equilibrium, reaction mechanisms, and mass transfer in reactor design, separation processes, and material synthesis. Investigate how molecular$-$level understanding informs macroscopic engineering decisions, such as selecting catalysts, controlling reaction pathways, and optimizing energy efficiency. Delve into the complexities of multiphase systems, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer to grasp the intricate balance between theoretical frameworks and practical applications in chemical engineering."