How do you do longhand

(a) Identify the claim and state Ho and Ha .

(b) Find the critical value(s) and identify the rejection region(s).

(c) Calculate d and s d .

(d) Find the standardized test statistic t.

(e) Decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis and interpret the decision in the context of the original claim.

The table below shows the number of hours per day 11 patients suffered from headaches before and after 7 weeks of soft tissue therapy. At = 0.01, is there enough evidence to conclude that soft tissue therapy helps to reduce the length of time patients suffer from headaches? Assume the samples are random and dependent, and the population is normally distributed. Complete parts (a) through (f). Patient 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Daily headache hours (before) 2.5 3.7 3.6 4.2 3.8 2.3 3.7 3.9 3.1 2.8 1.5 Daily headache hours (after) 1.9 2.9 1.8 3.5 3.1 1.6 2.4 3.2 2.3 1.6 1.1 (a) Identify the claim and state Ho and Ha. The claim is "The therapy the length of time patients suffer from headaches."