How does the Theory of Constraints (TOC), as conceptualized by Eliyahu Goldratt, offer a strategic framework to identify and alleviate bottlenecks within organizational processes? Delve into the core principles of TOC, its practical applications across diverse industries, and its integration with other management methodologies like Lean or Six Sigma. Assess the limitations of TOC in adapting to complex business environments while evaluating its potential to address modern challenges such as digital transformations and global market dynamics. 

Explore the implications of successful TOC implementations on productivity, cost-effectiveness, and competitive advantage, drawing insights from empirical evidence or case studies. Ultimately, provides recommendations for businesses aiming to leverage TOC as a means to optimize operations, foster innovation, and achieve sustained success in an ever-evolving business landscape.