"How does the theory of mass transfer influence the design and operation of chemical processes? Discuss the principles of diffusion, convection, and mass transfer coefficients, and explain their application in industrial processes such as distillation, absorption$,$ and membrane separation. Consider the role of equipment design, operating conditions, and fluid properties in optimizing mass transfer efficiency. Analyze how variations in temperature, pressure, and concentration gradients affect mass transfer rates, and evaluate strategies for enhancing process performance and minimizing energy consumption. Furthermore, explore the impact of mass transfer phenomena on product quality, environmental sustainability, and economic feasibility in chemical engineering applications."