How much would you have to invest today to receive the following? Use Appendix B and Appendix D for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.

a. $12,250 in 6 years at 10 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

b. $16,000 in 14 years at 12 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

c. $6,000 each year for 13 years at 9 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

d. $42,000 each year for 25 years at 6 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)