How much would you have to invest today to receive the following? Use Appendix B and Appendix D for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.

a. $14,900 in 9 years at 9 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Present Value =

b. $19,250 in 17 years at 14 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Present Value =

c. $7,800 each year for 20 years at 6 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Present Value =

d. $53,000 each year for 25 years at 12 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Present Value =