How much would you have to invest today to receive the following? Use Appendix B or Appendix D for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.

a. $16,000 in 6 years at 10 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Present Value _________

b. $20,500 in 18 years at 7 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Present Value _______

c. $8,500 each year for 17 years at 8 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Present Value ______

d. $58,000 each year for 30 years at 10 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Present Value ________