How to answers below question with explanations based on 'Data, Networking & Computer Communication'

1. User datagram protocol is called connectionless, because ... a. all UDP packet are treated independently by transport layer AND it sends data as a stream of related packets. b. all UDP packets are treated independently by transport layer c. its sends data as a stream of related packets d. none of other mentioned

2.Virtual circuit in the network layer consists of ... a. addresses from source to destination, register numbers, one number for each link along path and headers in forwarding tables in routers along path. b. path from source to destination, VC numbers, one number for each link along path and entries in forwarding tables in routers along path c. path from source to destination, datagram and entries in forwarding tables in routers along path. d. datagram from source to destination, VC numbers, one number for each link along path and entries in forwarding tables in routers along path.

3. Transport layer aggregates data from different application into a single stream before passing it to ... a. physical layer b. application layer c. data link layer d. network layer

4. Network layer is analogous to TCP/UDP connecton-oriented or connectionless transport-layer services, but ... a. service:host-to-host, no choice: network provides one or the other and implementation: in network core. b. service:host-to-host, no choice: network provides one or the other and implementation: in physical core. c. service:client-to-server, no choice: network provides one or the other and implementation: in network core. d. service:host-to-host, choice: network provides one route or the other and implementation: in transport core.

5. HTTP is stateless, this means ... a. client initiates http connection (create socket) to server port 80. b. client initiates http connection (create socket) to server port 8080. c. server maintains http connection (create socket) to server port 80. d. server maintains no information about past client request.

6. Network layer functions by ... a. delivering segments to transport layer on receiving side. b. transporting segment and determine its route from sending to receiving host. c. encapsulating segments into datagram on the sending side. d. all other three answer are correct.

7. Datagram network provides ... while virtual-circuit network provides ... a. network-layer connectionless service; network-layer connection service. b. link-layer connectionless service; network-layer connection service. c. network-layer connection service; network-layer connectionless service. d. application-layer connectionless service; link-layer connection service.

8. Transmission control protocol is ... a. connection oriented protocol. b. uses three way handshake to establish a connection. c. receive data from application as a single stream. d. all of other mentioned.