Hudson contracted with Ripley to install solar panels on her boat. The installation went well, seemingly. Unfortunately, two days after the installation the panels stopped working. Ripley claimed that the problem was Hudson's fault, and demanded that he make the system work; Hudson denied responsibility. Ripley had paid Hudson by properly executed check, and Hudson still had not deposited the check at the time of Ripley's demand. The day after receiving the demand, Hudson negotiated the apparently-regular, unaltered check to Bishop. Hudson suspected that Ripley's claim was valid and was glad to have negotiated the check before Ripley dishonored it. Bishop sought payment from Ripley for the check. Ripley refused to pay. Bishop sues at a time within the applicable statute of limitations. In what two circumstances will Ripley win?