I am shopping for a new sedan and would like to get one with excellent miles per gallon (MPG). I heard that Japanese cars tend to be more fuel efficient than American cars, so I collected MPG data on a random sample of 12 Japanese sedan models (listed in the table below) to be compared to the American car statistics. I would like to see if there is a significant difference, in either direction, between Japanese sedans and American sedans. The US Environmental Protection Agency reported that the average MPG for American sedans in 2017 is = 30. I set the significance level at = .10 for a two-tailed hypothesis test.

MPG

1 32

2 30

3 27

4 36

5 35

6 28

7 32

8 28

9 32

10 28

11 32

12 32

a. Information about the hypothesis test:

- What is the dependent variable in this hypothesis test? (

- What is the "sample" for this one-sample t test?

- What is the target population represented by the sample?

- What is the comparison population?

b. What would be the null and alternative hypotheses in both words and symbol notations for my analysis?

c. Calculate the sample mean.

d. Estimate the standard deviation of the population from which the sample was drawn

e. Calculate the standard error

f. Calculate the t statistic for the sample

g. Figure out the degree of freedom, and then determine the critical t value(s) based on the type of test and the preset alpha level

h. Compare the t statistic with the critical t value. Is the calculated t statistic more extreme or less extreme than the critical t value? Based on this comparison, determine whether we "reject" or "fail to reject" the null hypothesis

i. Interpret the result to answer the research question

j. Calculate the standardized effect size of this hypothesis test

k. Based on the data analysis result, would you recommend that I get a Japanese car?