I. Cardiac Function and Blood Pressure Regulation:

a. Describe the structure and function of the heart.

b. Explain the factors involved in the regulation of blood pressure.

c. Discuss the role of the autonomic nervous system and hormones in blood pressure control.

II. Hypertension: Causes, Pathophysiology, and Treatment:

1. Outline the causes of hypertension.

1. Explain the pathophysiology of hypertension.

1. Describe various medical treatments for hypertension.

d. Discuss the impact of lifestyle modifications in managing hypertension.

III. DASH Diet and Nutrition Therapy for Hypertension:

1. Define the DASH diet and its components.

1. Discuss the role of nutrition therapy in managing hypertension.

1. Explain how sodium and potassium intake affect blood pressure.

IV. Atherosclerosis: Consequences, Pathophysiology, and Risk Factors:

1. Define atherosclerosis and its consequences.

1. Explain the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.

c. Identify and discuss the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis.

V. Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease:

a. Discuss heart-healthy diets and their components.

b. Explain how nutrition therapy can help manage cardiovascular disease.

VI. Nutrition Assessment and Treatment of Atherosclerosis:

1. Outline the process of nutrition assessment.

1. Describe the components of nutrition intervention for atherosclerosis.

c. Discuss ongoing monitoring and adjustment in the treatment plan.

VII. Ischemic Heart Disease: Pathophysiology and Treatment:

a. Differentiate between ischemic heart disease and other heart diseases.

1. Explain the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease.

1. Discuss treatment options for ischemic heart disease.

VIII. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD):

1. Define PAD and its characteristics.

1. Compare risk factors and causes of PAD.

c. Describe the clinical manifestations of PAD.

IX. Nutrition Assessment and Treatment of Heart Failure:

1. Explain the concept of heart failure.

1. Discuss the nutrition assessment process for heart failure.

c. Outline the nutrition therapy for individuals with heart failure.

X. Nutrition Intervention for Heart Transplant Surgery Patients:

a. Discuss the unique nutritional considerations for heart transplant patients.

1. Explain how to support recovery and prevent complications through nutrition.

Chapter 17 Study Guide: Endocrinology and Diabetes

I. Major Hormones and Their Functions: a. Summarize the functions of major hormones such as insulin, glucagon, cortisol, thyroid hormones, and growth hormone. b. Understand how hormones regulate various physiological processes in the body.

II. Anatomy and Physiology of Pituitary, Thyroid, and Adrenal Glands: a. Describe the normal anatomy and function of the pituitary gland. b. Explain the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland. c. Understand the structure and function of the adrenal glands.

III. Hormonal Control of Energy Metabolism: a. Discuss how hormones influence energy metabolism. b. Explain the role of insulin and glucagon in blood glucose regulation.

IV. Causes of Endocrine Dysfunction: a. Identify common causes of endocrine dysfunction, including genetic factors, autoimmune disorders, and lifestyle factors.

V. Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: a. Classify the types of diabetes mellitus, including Type 1, Type 2, gestational diabetes, and other specific types.

VI. Diabetes Mellitus: Causes, Signs, Symptoms, and Complications: a. Discuss the causes of diabetes mellitus. b. Outline the signs and symptoms of diabetes. c. Explore potential complications associated with diabetes.

VII. Diagnosis and Medical Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: a. Explain the diagnostic criteria for diabetes. b. Discuss common medical treatments for diabetes, including medications and insulin therapy.

VIII. Nutrition Assessment, Goals, and Interventions for Diabetes: a. Describe the nutrition assessment process for individuals with diabetes. b. Set goals for nutrition therapy in diabetes management. c. Explore various nutrition interventions for diabetes, including carbohydrate counting and meal planning.

IX. Reactive Hypoglycemia: Causes and Nutrition Therapy: a. Identify the causes of reactive hypoglycemia. b. Discuss nutrition therapy strategies for managing reactive hypoglycemia.

X. Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism: Causes, Signs, Symptoms, and Nutrition Therapy: a. Differentiate between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. b. Identify the causes and signs/symptoms of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. c. Explore nutrition therapy considerations for individuals with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Chapter 12

Study Guide: Energy Expenditure, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

1. Components of Energy Expenditure: a. Identify the components of Total Energy Expenditure (TEE), including Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), Thermic Effect of Food (TEF), and Physical Activity. b. Understand how these components contribute to overall energy expenditure.

2. Estimating Energy Requirements: a. Explain methods for estimating energy requirements, such as the Harris-Benedict Equation. b. Discuss considerations for different populations, including age, gender, and activity level.

III. Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Hormones Affecting Appetite: a. Discuss hormones like ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and glucagon that influence appetite. b. Explore how these hormones regulate hunger and satiety.

IV. Adipose Tissue Hormones in Energy Balance: a. Understand the role of adipose tissue hormones, including adiponectin and resistin, in energy balance and fat storage.

V. Assessment and Identification of Obesity: a. Explain methods for assessing obesity, such as Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference. b. Discuss the limitations and considerations of these assessment methods.

VI. Socioeconomic Impact on Overweight and Obesity: a. Identify how socioeconomic status can influence the likelihood of becoming overweight or obese. b. Discuss the social determinants of health related to obesity.