(I just need help wrapping my head around the capital gain calculation. Like, why is 20 * 6 and why is 30 * (-6). I understand the general idea of getting the capital gain (or loss) of a single stock, but not quite sure how the entire calculation of 100 * 10 + 20 * 6 + 30 * (-6) was acquired and why it is $940. Just a detailed explanation of why, that is all! Thank you!)

When a share of common stock of some company is sold, the capital gain (or, sometimes, loss) is the difference between the shares selling price and the price originally paid to buy it. This rule is easy to understand for a single share, but if we sell multiple shares of stock bought over a long period of time, then we must identify the shares actually being sold. A standard accounting principle for identifying which shares of a stock were sold in such a case is to use a FIFO protocolthe shares sold are the ones that have been held the longest (indeed, this is the default method built into several personal finance software packages). For example, suppose we buy 100 shares at $20 each on day 1, 20 shares at $24 on day 2, 200 shares at $36 on day 3, and then sell 150 shares on day 4 at $30 each. Then applying the FIFO protocol means that of the 150 shares sold, 100 were bought on day 1, 20 were bought on day 2, and 30 were bought on day 3. The capital gain in this case would therefore be 100 10 + 20 6 + 30 (6), or $940. Write a program that takes as input a sequence of transactions of the form buy x share(s) at $y each or sell x share(s) at $y each, assuming that the transactions occur on consecutive days and the values x and y are integers. Given this input sequence, the output should be the total capital gain (or loss) for the entire sequence, using the FIFO protocol to identify shares.