I$\text{'}$m stumped! An investor has two bonds in his portfolio that have a face value of $$1,000$ and pay an $11\%$ annual coupon. Bond $L$ matures in $12$ years, while Bond $S$ matures in $1$ year.

your answers to the nearest cent.

b$.$ Why does the longer$-$term bond's price vary more than the price of the shorter$-$term bond when interest rates change?

I. The change in price due to a change in the required rate of return increases as a bond's maturity decreases.

II$.$ Long$-$term bonds have greater interest rate risk than do short$-$term bonds.

III. The change in price due to a change in the required rate of return decreases as a bond's maturity increases.

IV$.$ Long$-$term bonds have lower interest rate risk than do short$-$term bonds.

V$.$ Long$-$term bonds have lower reinvestment rate risk than do short$-$term bonds.