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Coursepack, p. 462 Math 133: 1.2 Worksheet #2 Name: Section #: 1.2: Observational Studies vs. Designed Experiments 1. For each of the following, determine the explanatory and response variables. Also determine whether they qualify as observational studies or designed experiments. If the researchers conducted an observational study, determine the type of the observational study. a) Researchers wanted to assess the long-term psychological effects on children evacuated during World War II. They obtained a sample of 169 former evacuees and a control group of 43 people who were children during the war but were not evacuated. The subjects' mental states were evaluated using questionnaires. It was determined that the psychological well-being of the individuals was adversely affected by evacuation. Explanatory Variable: Response Variable: Circle Designed Observational Study; Observational Study; Observational Study; One: Experiment Cross-sectional Case-control Cohort b) The High Scope Perry Preschool Project (in Ypsilanti, Michigan) involved splitting a group of 123 low-income children into two groups: 58 children were randomly assigned to a treatment group that received a study program, and a control group of 65 children that did not. After the program the educational and life outcomes for the children receiving the study program were far superior to outcomes for the children not receiving the program. Explanatory Variable: Response Variable: Circle Designed Observational Study; Observational Study; Observational Study; One: Experiment Cross-sectional Case-control Cohort c) Psychologists interviewed New York City residents about their experiences of the 9/11 terrorist attacks both the day after the attack and then 10 years later to see what effect time had on their memories of 9/11. Explanatory Variable: Response Variable: Circle Designed Observational Study; Observational Study; Observational Study; One: Experiment Cross-sectional Case-control CohortCoursepack, p. 463 MAT 133: 1.2 WS 2 p.2 d) A total of 974 homeless women in the Los Angeles area were surveyed to determine their level of satisfaction with the healthcare provided by shelter clinics versus the healthcare provided by government clinics. The women reported greater quality satisfaction with the shelter and outreach clinics compared to the government clinics. Explanatory Variable: Response Variable: Circle Designed Observational Study; Observational Study; Observational Study; One: Experiment Cross-sectional Case-control Cohort 2. The article "Tots TV-Watching Causes Increased Risk of Attention Problems" (San Luis Obispo Tribune, April 2004) described a study that appeared in the journal Pediatrics. Researchers looked at records of.2500 children who were participating in a long-term health study. They found that children who watched more TV per week were significantly more likely to have an attention disorder. a) What is the explanatory variable? (Circle one) Number of children Having an attention Age of the child Hours of TV with a disorder disorder watched per week b) What is the response variable? (Circle one) Having an attention Age of the child Hours of TV disorder watched per week c) Describe the most likely population for this study? (Circle one) All children All children with All children who watch attention disorders television d) Describe the sample for this study? (Circle one) The children who The 2500 children studied The children studied with watched TV attention disorders e) This study is a(n) (Circle one) : observational study designed experiment f) Explain, with detail and context, why it is improper (and misleading) for the newspaper to give the article a title stating: "Tots watching TV causes an increased risk of attention problems."