I need help with Challenge 3, I uploaded the other pictures for more information if needed

1.3.3 Subnetting Challenge #2: 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 In the previous page, you identified the outward facing IP addresses for each of the subnets. However, the Wakanda sub-network gateway routers will be configured as NAT firewalls to enable the use of private IP addresses within the internal sub-networks. Each of the Wakanda sub-networks is assigned a different block of private IP addresses. The list below shows the "internal IP address of each gateway router (the router uses the first available host address) and the subnet mask. 232 233 234 235 236 The Bast network private IP address block is 208.18.0.0/16 The Dora Milaje network private IP address block is 208.20.0.0/16 The Ghekre network private IP address block is 208.22.0.0/16 The Nakia network private IP address block is 208.24.0.0/16 The Sekmet network private IP address block is 208.26.0.0/16 The Shuri network private IP address block is 208.28.0.0/16 The Sobek network private IP address block is 208.30.0.0/16 The T'Challa network private IP address block is 208.32.0.0/16 The W'Kabi network private IP address block is 208.34.0.0/16 The Zuri network private IP address block is 208.36.0.0/16 237 238 239 240 241 Explanation: To understand more the discussion below, please refer to Section 5.4: Addressing found in Chapter 5 of the FitzGerald book and also posted as a reference reading together with this lab assignment. 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 1. The /16 in the CIDR notation above indicates that 16 bits have been allocated for the subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 (in dot decimal notation) or 1111 1111.1111 1111.0000 0000.0000 0000 (in dot binary notation) 2. This leaves the remaining bits, 16 bits remaining, available for host addresses: XXXX XXXX.xxxx xxxx.0000 0000.0000 0000 11 of 18 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 3. So actually, there are 216 2 = 65,534 available host addresses. Recall from your textbook that you have to subtract 2 because the first host address becomes the network address or the router address and the last address is the broadcast address. 4. A network of 65K+ hosts is pretty big. The network administrator has certainly allowed for possible growth in number of workstations. 5. We have a smart well-trained network administrator in that he envisions he will need to subdivide these subnetworks further into additional mini-subnetworks depending on the needs of each organization. 6. The list below shows the number of subnets required for each network. 273 274 275 276 277 Additional subnetting requirements: Bast network requires 3 subnets (1 data center and 2 server/client networks) Dora Milaje network requires 8 subnets (2 data centers, 2 firewall, 4 server/client networks) Ghekre network requires 4 subnets (2 data centers and 2 client networks) Nakia network requires 6 subnets (2 data centers and 4 client networks) Sekmet network requires 7 subnets (3 data centers and 4 client networks) Shuri network requires 7 subnets (3 data centers, 4 client networks) Sobek network requires 6 subnets (3 data centers and 3 client networks) T'Challa network requires 2 subnets (1 data center and 1 client network) W Kabi network requires 8 subnets (3 data centers, 2 operations centers and 3 client networks) Zuri network requires 4 subnets (2 data centers and 2 client networks) 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 Explanation: 1. In order to create the additional subnets, you will have to split the total number of host addresses (in this case 65,536) into the number of required subnets. 2. If you need 2 subnets, you split 65,536 evenly into two groups, thus, giving you, 65,536 = 2 = 32,768 host addresses in each subnet. 3. If you need 3 subnets, you split 65,536 evenly into three groups, thus, giving you, 65,536 + 3 = 21,845 possible host addresses in each subnet 4. Our network administrator, however, is a bit smart and has devised a scheme that will make it easier to split the pie (so to speak). To create 2 subnetworks, he will add 1 bit to the subnet mask creating: 294 295 1111 1111.1111 1111.1000 0000.0000 0000 (17 bits in the subnet mask) 296 297 And giving 15 bits available for host addresses or, 12 of 18 298 1111 1111.1111 1111.1000 0000.0000 0000 (15 bits for host addresses) or, 299 300 301 215 2 = 32,766 host addresses for each of the 2 subnets. 302 303 304 This splits the host addresses into two equal number of addresses in each subnet. Recall from your textbook that you have to subtract 2 in the equation to allow for the network address and the broadcast address. 305 306 307 5. To create 3-4 subnetworks, he will add 2 bits to the subnet mask creating: 308 309 1111 1111.1111 1111.1100 0000.0000 0000 (18 bits in the subnet mask) 310 311 And giving 14 bits available for host addresses or, 312 313 1111 1111.1111 1111.1100 0000.0000 0000 (14 bits for host addresses) or 314 315 214 2 = 16,382 host addresses for each of 4 subnets. 316 317 318 319 If only 3 subnets are required, the 4th subnet will have unassigned addresses. In a way this is wasteful but your network administrator has in mind that this will help for future growth and expansion. 320 321 322 323 6. To create 5-8 subnetworks, your network administrator will add 3 bits to the subnet mask creating: 324 1111 1111.1111 1111.1110 0000.0000 0000 (19 bits in the subnet mask) 325 And giving 13 bits available for host addresses or, 326 327 328 1111 1111.1111 1111.1110 0000.0000 0000 (13 bits for host addresses) or, 329 13 of 18 330 213 2 = 8,190 host address for each of 8 subnets. 331 332 333 334 If the initial requirement was for 5 subnets only, given our scheme of adding one more bit to the subnet mask, we necessarily created 8 subnets. The remaining 3 subnets of addresses will be unassigned and can be utilized later. 335 7. And so on. 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 8. Deliverables (30 pts): Given this scheme, fill Table 3 below to satisfy the subnet mask requirements for each network. In your MS Word or equivalent application, generate a table formatted in the same way as below and place your answers as follows: a. In the first column, you must indicate the number of subnets required for that specific network. b. Then, in the next column, indicate the number of "additional" bits (i.e., past 16 bits) to be used for the subnet mask in order to create the required number of subnets. c. Write-out the subnet mask in binary notation showing explicitly all the bits now used for the subnet mask. d. Write-out this subnet mask in dot decimal notation. Convert the binary value into decimal values. Mark in bold red text the important areas of your answer (i.e., where bits are added). Follow the example below. The Bast network has been filled for you. 351 352 353 354 14 of 18 1.3.4 Subnetting Challenge #3 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 370 371 372 373 374 375 1. Deliverables (100 pts): For this third section, identify the following details for each subnetwork in the Wakanda wide area network and enter them below. In your MS Word application or equivalent application, generate a table formatted in the same way as Table 4 below and place your answers as follows: a. Number of subnets required for the named network b. Network address of each subnet in CIDR notation c. Subnet masks for each subnetwork with binary notation for the most significant part of the subnet mask d. Broadcast address for each subnet in binary notation and then in dot decimal notation e. Total number of host addresses that can be assigned per subnet. Mark the ones that are unused. Details for the subnets in the Bast network and in the T'Challa network have been provided as an example. Follow this format. Mark in bold red text the important parts of your answer. You need to expand the rows for each network to accommodate the required number of subnets (thus, some will have only 2 rows for their 2 subnets and others will have as much as 8 rows for their 8 subnets). There should also be unused subnetworks as the case may be. Follow the examples below. Name of No. of Network Subnets Bast 3 Network Subnet Masks Broadcast Address Address in with Binary Notation CIDR Notation 208.18.000.0/18 208.18.{00000000}.0 208.18.{00111111}.255 208.18.064.0/18 208.18.{01000000}.0 208.18.{01111111}.255 208.18.128.0/18 208.18.{10000000}.0 208.18.{10111111}.255 208.18.192.0/18 208.18.(11000000}.0 208.18.{11111111}.255 Broadcast Address in Dot Decimal Notation 208.18.063.255 208.18.127.255 208.18.191.255 208.18.255.255 Total Number of Host Addresses in Each Subnet 214 2 = 16, 382 214 - 2 = 16, 382 214-2 = 16, 382 214 - 2 = 16, 382 (Unused) Dora Milaje Ghekre 16 of 18 17 of 18 Cyber Forensic Analysis: Laboratory Exercises: MBonto-Kane Nakia Sekmet Shuri Sobek T'Challa 2 208.32.000.0/19 208.32.{00000000}.0 208.32.{01111111}.255 208.32.128.0/19 208.32. (10000000}.0 208.32.{11111111}.255 208.32.127.255 208.32.255.255 215 - 2 = 32,766 215 - 2 = 32,766 W'Kabi Zuri 376 Table 4: Detailed Information for Additional Subnets in each of the Wakanda Subnetworks. 199 1.3.3 Subnetting Challenge #2: 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 In the previous page, you identified the outward facing IP addresses for each of the subnets. However, the Wakanda sub-network gateway routers will be configured as NAT firewalls to enable the use of private IP addresses within the internal sub-networks. Each of the Wakanda sub-networks is assigned a different block of private IP addresses. The list below shows the "internal IP address of each gateway router (the router uses the first available host address) and the subnet mask. 232 233 234 235 236 The Bast network private IP address block is 208.18.0.0/16 The Dora Milaje network private IP address block is 208.20.0.0/16 The Ghekre network private IP address block is 208.22.0.0/16 The Nakia network private IP address block is 208.24.0.0/16 The Sekmet network private IP address block is 208.26.0.0/16 The Shuri network private IP address block is 208.28.0.0/16 The Sobek network private IP address block is 208.30.0.0/16 The T'Challa network private IP address block is 208.32.0.0/16 The W'Kabi network private IP address block is 208.34.0.0/16 The Zuri network private IP address block is 208.36.0.0/16 237 238 239 240 241 Explanation: To understand more the discussion below, please refer to Section 5.4: Addressing found in Chapter 5 of the FitzGerald book and also posted as a reference reading together with this lab assignment. 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 1. The /16 in the CIDR notation above indicates that 16 bits have been allocated for the subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 (in dot decimal notation) or 1111 1111.1111 1111.0000 0000.0000 0000 (in dot binary notation) 2. This leaves the remaining bits, 16 bits remaining, available for host addresses: XXXX XXXX.xxxx xxxx.0000 0000.0000 0000 11 of 18 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 3. So actually, there are 216 2 = 65,534 available host addresses. Recall from your textbook that you have to subtract 2 because the first host address becomes the network address or the router address and the last address is the broadcast address. 4. A network of 65K+ hosts is pretty big. The network administrator has certainly allowed for possible growth in number of workstations. 5. We have a smart well-trained network administrator in that he envisions he will need to subdivide these subnetworks further into additional mini-subnetworks depending on the needs of each organization. 6. The list below shows the number of subnets required for each network. 273 274 275 276 277 Additional subnetting requirements: Bast network requires 3 subnets (1 data center and 2 server/client networks) Dora Milaje network requires 8 subnets (2 data centers, 2 firewall, 4 server/client networks) Ghekre network requires 4 subnets (2 data centers and 2 client networks) Nakia network requires 6 subnets (2 data centers and 4 client networks) Sekmet network requires 7 subnets (3 data centers and 4 client networks) Shuri network requires 7 subnets (3 data centers, 4 client networks) Sobek network requires 6 subnets (3 data centers and 3 client networks) T'Challa network requires 2 subnets (1 data center and 1 client network) W Kabi network requires 8 subnets (3 data centers, 2 operations centers and 3 client networks) Zuri network requires 4 subnets (2 data centers and 2 client networks) 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 Explanation: 1. In order to create the additional subnets, you will have to split the total number of host addresses (in this case 65,536) into the number of required subnets. 2. If you need 2 subnets, you split 65,536 evenly into two groups, thus, giving you, 65,536 = 2 = 32,768 host addresses in each subnet. 3. If you need 3 subnets, you split 65,536 evenly into three groups, thus, giving you, 65,536 + 3 = 21,845 possible host addresses in each subnet 4. Our network administrator, however, is a bit smart and has devised a scheme that will make it easier to split the pie (so to speak). To create 2 subnetworks, he will add 1 bit to the subnet mask creating: 294 295 1111 1111.1111 1111.1000 0000.0000 0000 (17 bits in the subnet mask) 296 297 And giving 15 bits available for host addresses or, 12 of 18 298 1111 1111.1111 1111.1000 0000.0000 0000 (15 bits for host addresses) or, 299 300 301 215 2 = 32,766 host addresses for each of the 2 subnets. 302 303 304 This splits the host addresses into two equal number of addresses in each subnet. Recall from your textbook that you have to subtract 2 in the equation to allow for the network address and the broadcast address. 305 306 307 5. To create 3-4 subnetworks, he will add 2 bits to the subnet mask creating: 308 309 1111 1111.1111 1111.1100 0000.0000 0000 (18 bits in the subnet mask) 310 311 And giving 14 bits available for host addresses or, 312 313 1111 1111.1111 1111.1100 0000.0000 0000 (14 bits for host addresses) or 314 315 214 2 = 16,382 host addresses for each of 4 subnets. 316 317 318 319 If only 3 subnets are required, the 4th subnet will have unassigned addresses. In a way this is wasteful but your network administrator has in mind that this will help for future growth and expansion. 320 321 322 323 6. To create 5-8 subnetworks, your network administrator will add 3 bits to the subnet mask creating: 324 1111 1111.1111 1111.1110 0000.0000 0000 (19 bits in the subnet mask) 325 And giving 13 bits available for host addresses or, 326 327 328 1111 1111.1111 1111.1110 0000.0000 0000 (13 bits for host addresses) or, 329 13 of 18 330 213 2 = 8,190 host address for each of 8 subnets. 331 332 333 334 If the initial requirement was for 5 subnets only, given our scheme of adding one more bit to the subnet mask, we necessarily created 8 subnets. The remaining 3 subnets of addresses will be unassigned and can be utilized later. 335 7. And so on. 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 8. Deliverables (30 pts): Given this scheme, fill Table 3 below to satisfy the subnet mask requirements for each network. In your MS Word or equivalent application, generate a table formatted in the same way as below and place your answers as follows: a. In the first column, you must indicate the number of subnets required for that specific network. b. Then, in the next column, indicate the number of "additional" bits (i.e., past 16 bits) to be used for the subnet mask in order to create the required number of subnets. c. Write-out the subnet mask in binary notation showing explicitly all the bits now used for the subnet mask. d. Write-out this subnet mask in dot decimal notation. Convert the binary value into decimal values. Mark in bold red text the important areas of your answer (i.e., where bits are added). Follow the example below. The Bast network has been filled for you. 351 352 353 354 14 of 18 1.3.4 Subnetting Challenge #3 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 370 371 372 373 374 375 1. Deliverables (100 pts): For this third section, identify the following details for each subnetwork in the Wakanda wide area network and enter them below. In your MS Word application or equivalent application, generate a table formatted in the same way as Table 4 below and place your answers as follows: a. Number of subnets required for the named network b. Network address of each subnet in CIDR notation c. Subnet masks for each subnetwork with binary notation for the most significant part of the subnet mask d. Broadcast address for each subnet in binary notation and then in dot decimal notation e. Total number of host addresses that can be assigned per subnet. Mark the ones that are unused. Details for the subnets in the Bast network and in the T'Challa network have been provided as an example. Follow this format. Mark in bold red text the important parts of your answer. You need to expand the rows for each network to accommodate the required number of subnets (thus, some will have only 2 rows for their 2 subnets and others will have as much as 8 rows for their 8 subnets). There should also be unused subnetworks as the case may be. Follow the examples below. Name of No. of Network Subnets Bast 3 Network Subnet Masks Broadcast Address Address in with Binary Notation CIDR Notation 208.18.000.0/18 208.18.{00000000}.0 208.18.{00111111}.255 208.18.064.0/18 208.18.{01000000}.0 208.18.{01111111}.255 208.18.128.0/18 208.18.{10000000}.0 208.18.{10111111}.255 208.18.192.0/18 208.18.(11000000}.0 208.18.{11111111}.255 Broadcast Address in Dot Decimal Notation 208.18.063.255 208.18.127.255 208.18.191.255 208.18.255.255 Total Number of Host Addresses in Each Subnet 214 2 = 16, 382 214 - 2 = 16, 382 214-2 = 16, 382 214 - 2 = 16, 382 (Unused) Dora Milaje Ghekre 16 of 18 17 of 18 Cyber Forensic Analysis: Laboratory Exercises: MBonto-Kane Nakia Sekmet Shuri Sobek T'Challa 2 208.32.000.0/19 208.32.{00000000}.0 208.32.{01111111}.255 208.32.128.0/19 208.32. (10000000}.0 208.32.{11111111}.255 208.32.127.255 208.32.255.255 215 - 2 = 32,766 215 - 2 = 32,766 W'Kabi Zuri 376 Table 4: Detailed Information for Additional Subnets in each of the Wakanda Subnetworks. 199