i. the statistical test you would carry out (1 mark)

ii. any assumptions about, or requirements of, the data that must be met to carry out the test. (1 mark)

iii. if those assumptions are violated, what procedure(s) you would follow, in order? (1 mark)

a) You wish to know if there is an association between flower color (red, purple, white) and the kind of bee (honeybee, bumble bee, sweat bee) visiting plants.

b) You wish to know if the distribution of bird droppings on cars in the York University parking lot is random, so you randomly sample 100 cars, and count the number of birds dropping on each car.

c) You want to compare the size of antlers on moose sampled at each of three different areas (Newfoundland, Ontario, Quebec).

d) You wish to know if the head width of female damselflies is more variable than the head width of males.

e) You wish to compare milk yield in cattle-fed grain versus those that consume native forage grasses.

f) A geneticist generates a mutant crimson-eyed fly with X-rays and in a cross expects to obtain 0.5 red to 0.5 crimson flies. You obtain 11 red and 6 crimson. How would you test the hypothesis proposed by the geneticist?