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6. '7. 10. 11. 12. 13. Assi ent Prove that, the total work done in one complete cycle of a carnot engine is, WT: nRT; lnE nRTg 1nE V1 V4 What does the second law of thermodynamics state? Why it is so important? How is refractive index related to speed of light? Can you have a refractive index less than 1? What does Snell's law mean? Find the critical angle of glass-air interface. Given that the refractive index of glass is 1.52 and refractive index of air is 1. How does light change phase on reection? What are the two smallest thicknesses of a soap bubble that produce constructive interference for blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm? The index of refraction of soap is taken to be the same as that of water. What is diffraction of light explain with examples? Why do we use the lens in fraunhofer diffraction? Show with diagram. What is the general condition for destructive interference by narrow slits? A diffraction grating 20.0 mm wide has 4000 rulings. Light of wavelength 645 nm is incident perpendicularly on the grating. What are the (a) largest (b) second largest and (c) third largest values of 0 at which maxima appear on a distant viewing screen. Explain optical activity with examples. What is lattice basis and crystal structure? Write down the properties of SCC, BCC and FCC crystal structure. Why it is important to know the directions and planes in the crystal? a) Sketch the following planes when miller indices are given: i. 241 ii. 1 ll