I want to retrofit my supercritical coal plant for CO2 capture using an amine process. Without capture, the plant's heat rate is 8530 Btu/kWh, and with the CO2 scrubber it will be 11373 Btu/kWh. The amine process captures 90% of the flue gas CO2. (a) Assuming I burn more coal to produce the same electrical output, what is the energy penalty? (b) Assuming I maintain the same coal input (thermal energy), by how much is the plant's output derated? (c) If I am using Pittsburgh #8 coal, with a heat content of 31,000 kJ/kg and a carbon content of 74% by weight, how much more CO2 am I producing per kWh (and therefore need to capture and store) in part (b) than I would without capture? (d) Calculate the CO2 avoided and Co2 captured on a kgCO2/kWh basis. (e) If my plant's LCOE (levelized cost of electricity--the "break even" generating cost) is $47/MWh before the retrofit and $85/MWh after, at what CO2 emissions price (in $/tCO2) would the retrofit become profitable? ("t" is metric tonne) I want to retrofit my supercritical coal plant for CO2 capture using an amine process. Without capture, the plant's heat rate is 8530 Btu/kWh, and with the CO2 scrubber it will be 11373 Btu/kWh. The amine process captures 90% of the flue gas CO2. (a) Assuming I burn more coal to produce the same electrical output, what is the energy penalty? (b) Assuming I maintain the same coal input (thermal energy), by how much is the plant's output derated? (c) If I am using Pittsburgh #8 coal, with a heat content of 31,000 kJ/kg and a carbon content of 74% by weight, how much more CO2 am I producing per kWh (and therefore need to capture and store) in part (b) than I would without capture? (d) Calculate the CO2 avoided and Co2 captured on a kgCO2/kWh basis. (e) If my plant's LCOE (levelized cost of electricity--the "break even" generating cost) is $47/MWh before the retrofit and $85/MWh after, at what CO2 emissions price (in $/tCO2) would the retrofit become profitable? ("t" is metric tonne)