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I would like you to make an effort to calculate the WACC for Marriott overall which requires following a couple of steps: First, we need

I would like you to make an effort to calculate the WACC for Marriott overall which requires following a couple of steps:

  • First, we need to unlever Marriott's Equity Beta with the actual debt ratio and relever the unlevered asset beta with the target debt ratio.
  • Second, calculate the cost of equity using CAPM.
  • Third estimate the firm's cost of debt using the yield data in the case.
  • Finally, estimate their WACC.
  • After that is done, go through the same steps to calculate the WACC for the lodging and restaurant divisions using their respective comparable firms to estimate an average asset beta.
  • Since there are no comparable firms for the contract services, consider how you might estimate their WACC using what you know about the other two divisions.

Case:

Marriott Corporation: The Cost of Capital In April 1988, Dan Cohrs, vice president of project finance at the Marriott Corpora

Figure A Typical Hotel Profit and Hurdle Rates 40 30 20 Profit rate (%) 10 0-10 -20 78 +9 10 Hurdle rate (%) 11 12 Source:

Manage rather than own hotel assets In 1987, Marriott developed more than $1 billion worth of hotel properties, making it one

where D and E are the market values of the debt and equity, respectively, řp is the pre-tax cost of debt, Te is the after-tax

Maturity 1-year Rate 6.90 Cost of Equity Marriott recognized that meeting its financial strategy of embarking only on project

Exhibit 5 provides statistics on the spread between the S&P 500 Composite returns and the holding-period returns on Treasury

Exhibit 1 Financial History, 1978-1987 (millions of dollars except per share data) 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 19Exhibit 2 Financial Summary by Business Segment, 1982-1987 (millions of dollars) 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Lodging Sales

Exhibit 3 Information on Comparable Hotel and Restaurant Companies Arithmetic Average Return a Geometric Average Return a Equ

Exhibit 4 Annual Holding-Period Returns for Selected Securities and Market Indexes, 1926-1987 Arithmetic Average Geometric AvExhibit 5 Spreads between S&P 500 Composite Returns and Bond Rates, 1926-1987 Arithmetic Average Geometric Average Standard D  

Marriott Corporation: The Cost of Capital In April 1988, Dan Cohrs, vice president of project finance at the Marriott Corporation, was preparing his annual recommendations for the hurdle rates at each of the firm's three divisions. Investment projects at Marriott were selected by discounting the appropriate cash flows by the appropriate hurdle rate for each division. In 1987, Marriott's sales grew by 24% and its return on equity stood at 22%. Sales and earnings per share had doubled over the previous four years, and the operating strategy was aimed at continuing this trend. Marriott's 1987 annual report stated: We intend to remain a premier growth company. This means aggressively developing appropriate opportunities within our chosen lines of business-lodging, contract services, and related businesses. In each of these areas our goal is to be the preferred employer, the preferred provider, and the most profitable company. Mr. Cohrs recognized that the divisional hurdle rates at Marriott would have a significant effect on the firm's financial and operating strategies. As a rule of thumb, increasing the hurdle rate by 1% (for example, from 12% to 12.12%), decreases the present value of project inflows by 1%. Because costs remained roughly fixed, these changes in the value of inflows translated into changes in the net present value of projects. Figure A shows the substantial effect of hurdle rates on the anticipated net present value of projects. If hurdle rates were to increase, Marriott's growth would be reduced as once profitable projects no longer met the hurdle rates. Alternatively, if hurdle rates decreased, Marriott's growth would accelerate. Marriott also considered using the hurdle rates to determine incentive compensation. Annual incentive compensation constituted a significant portion of total compensation, ranging from 30% to 50% of base pay. Criteria for bonus awards depended on specific job responsibilities but often included the earnings level, the ability of managers to meet budgets, and overall corporate performance. There was some interest, however, in basing the incentive compensation, in part, on a comparison of the divisional return on net assets and the market-based divisional hurdle rate. The compensation plan would then reflect hurdle rates, making managers more sensitive to Marriott's financial strategy and capital market conditions.

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