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identify as true/false Electron-donating groups activate benzene, therefore they will increase the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Table of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups must be

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Electron-donating groups activate benzene, therefore they will increase the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Table of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups must be memorized because they cannot be deduced using pattern recognition. Electron-withdrawing groups deactivate benzene, therefore they will decrease the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution. The first step in the mechanism is fast because aromaticity is destroyed during nucleophilic attack to produce arenium ion. Tertiary carbocation is more stable than secondary carbocation, which is more stable than primary carbocation. Carbocation rearrangement does not occur in the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. Carbocation rearrangement via 1,2-hydride shift or 1,2-methyl shift is drive by the formation of a more stable carbocation

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