Identify each research setting as a situation of confidentiality or anonymity.

A lead investigator of a clinical trial evaluates the impact of a new anti$-$rejection drug for liver transplant patients. After receiving consent from each patient to participate in the trial, the investigator monitors various health metrics for each patient in the test and control group. She maintains the results tracking on data files that encrypt identifier data elements due to the sensitivity of the information. The key for the encrypted file is authorized for the lead investigator and a few members of the research team.

An apparel company implements an employee satisfaction analysis and solicits the help of an outside survey company to design and implement an employee feedback survey. The survey company creates an online survey and sends a hyperlink to the employees. The survey does not collect employee names or contact information. The feature that collects the IP address of each respondent's computer is turned off.

A food and beverage company conducts several taste test sessions to evaluate consumer reactions to new products. A random sample of $275$ consumer panelists are selected to participate. The participants fill out paper$-$based surveys during each session to provide product feedback. They do not provide their name or address on the survey. The only demographic information requested on the survey is gender and the age bracket to which the participant belongs.

An educational researcher conducts a study to evaluate the effectiveness of science software used on classroom computers in middle schools. The researcher tracks student skills development, testing scores, and feedback for a sample of $75$ students in schools that have the software installed. The researcher removes the identifiable information, such as name and address, for each student and