Identify the performance errors that occur in these scenarios. Potential errors are recency effect, central tendency, leniency error, strictness error, halo effect, and contrast error. Each is described in chapter 11 of your textbook. Do not read more into the question than what you are presented.

1. Dr. Schulz has delivered very dull lectures for several weeks of the semester. Only in the past lecture when he got to speak about his past nerve wracking experiences with perceptual errors have his lectures become interesting. It is now time to give student evaluations of Dr. Schulz, and Daniel remembering that last lecture gives Dr. Schulz an above average teaching evaluation. 2. John is the new supervisor of the late shift. He is 10 years younger than the five people he supervises and wants to show that he is going to be an exacting supervisor. In his first opportunity, to make a statement he gives satisfactory ratings to only one employee and below average ratings to the other four employees. 3. Andrea is always the first salesperson to reach the office at the beginning of the day. This really impresses Leanne who thinks that promptness is the most important quality of a worker. Andrea has more complaints about her by customers than any other salesperson and her sales lag behind other sales workers, but Leanne continues to appreciate her early arrival at work. Leanne gives Andrea an outstanding performance appraisal and the other sales workers only a satisfactory rating. 4. James is the new supervisor of the morning shift. He has been promoted from the ranks and is friends with all five of his subordinates. James had previously received the only outstanding appraisals among all the employees, while the rest of his peers (now subordinates) received below average ratings. In his first time as a supervisor making performance appraisals James gives all his subordinates outstanding performance appraisal ratings. 5. Big Skip is the best employee in the group supervised by Marguerite. Big Skip works faster than any employee and does more quality work too. Tara also works faster than the performance standards call for and also beats quality standards set by the performance standards. Marguerite has just completed Big Skips performance rating and given him an outstanding rating. Shortly after evaluating Big Skip Marguerite reviews Taras performance and decides to give her a below average rating. 6. Chris works in an organization and has Robert as her supervisor. Chris would really like to get an excellent performance rating on her evaluation but has been told by her colleagues that Robert tends to evaluate everyone in the middle of the rating scale regardless of their performance. Chris does an outstanding job on all her project through the year. At her performance appraisal she receives an average performance appraisal just like everyone else in the department.