1. If a criminal law is too vague or is overbroad, then substantive due process rights are violated because such a law fails to give citizens fair notice of what is prohibited. What is another concern raised by vague criminal statutes?

(a) They may permit police officers to act arbitrarily in the enforcement of the law.

(b) They may permit police to enforce the law in a discriminatory manner.

(c) Both A and B are true.

(d) None of the above is true