if a researcher measures the number of muscle cramps participants had before and after being infused with a saline solution. Which hypothesis test would be most appropriate in this case?

if the research has found that there is a significant relationship between political affiliation (Republican, Democrat, Independent) and what type of environment people live in (rural, suburban, urban). Which hypothesis test would be most appropriate in this case?

if a parent wants to determine whether their children have a preferred type of juice. To test this, the parent prepares 4 different juice ups for each child and has them try each. After trying them all, the child chooses their favorite juice. Which hypothesis test would be most appropriate in this case?

if a researcher is looking to see whether there is a different food preference in dogs. To test this, the researcher splits 30 dogs into 3 groups and gives a different brand of dog food to each group. After they have eaten, the researcher compares the amount of food consumed (in grams) in the 3 different groups. Which hypothesis test would be most appropriate in this case?