If Miller had been previously convicted for trafficking, what effect do you think the prior conviction would have had on his sentence?

R. v. Miller In 1996, in an effort to control the flow of drugs into Edmonton, the RCMP insti- tuted the Jetway Program. Trained officers observed the behaviour of travellers as they arrived at airports, bus terminals, and railroad stations. If the police noticed peo- ple behaving suspiciously, they would approach them. On April 13, 1999, the Jetway Program was in operation at Edmonton International Airport. Police observed passengers who had just deplaned from a Vancouver flight, and they noticed Miller, 25, pacing up and down. He appeared nerv- ous and seemed to be waiting for someone. Then the police saw him reach for a bag on the carousel, stop, and walk out of the airport. The officers followed Miller outside and asked if they could speak with him, adding that he was under no obligation to comply. Miller agreed to speak with the police and told them he had just returned from spending one day in Vancouver. The police and Miller went back into the terminal. Except for a duffel bag, tagged with his name, Miller had no other luggage. He gave the police permission to look in the bag. The police found over a kilogram of cocaine, 76 percent pure. If sold by the gram, the value of the drug would have been between $80 000 and $100 000. This quan- tity would supply a heavy user with half a gram a day for 2000 days. Miller stated that he did not use cocaine himself. He also said that he had one previous conviction, an assault for which he had received probation. At trial, he pleaded guilty to possession of a controlled substance for the purpose of trafficking and was sentenced to four and a half years in prison