If we assume that male births and female births are equally likely, the following table shows the probabilities of various numbers of male babies in a random sample of 100 births. Assume that we are testing for a bias against males. A random sample of 100 births includes 40 male babies. Is this result significant at the 0.01 level? What is the P-value for this result?

Number of males among 100 Probability (P-value) 35 or fewer 0.002 40 or fewer 0.028 45 or fewer 0.184 48 or fewer 0.382