If you are a dog lover, perhaps having your dog along reduces the effect of stress. To examine the effect of pets in stressful situations, researchers recruited 45 women who said they were dog lovers. Fifteen of the subjects were randomly assigned to each of three groups to do a stressful taskalone (the control group), with a good friend present, or with their dog present. The subject's average heart rate during the task is one measure of the effect of stress.

• (3 points) We can best use the information from this study to make inferences about which population: all people, all women, all dog lovers, or all women who are dog lovers? Justify your answer.