Imagine that an auditor is reviewing a file containing 25 fields of data, only five of which are relevant to the auditor’s objective. Evaluate how ACL can be used to find irregularities or patterns in transactions that could indicate control weaknesses, indicating the effectiveness of the tool.

Identify the three types of update anomalies that could occur with database tables that have not been normalized. Explain how a university or your company can minimize each type of anomaly when updating database tables. Justify your answer.