Implement the ADT dictionary by using a binary search tree. Use the ADT dictionary in a word count program. Your class WordCount will take an input from command line for the name of a text file. This text file will contain words or numbers that are tokenized (separated by whitespace). Finish the implementation of BSTDictionary and create the WordCount program. The text file and source code is below. If there is extraneous methods from the interfaces just make the implementation throw operationnotsupportedexception.

public class BinaryNode { private T data; private BinaryNode leftChild, rightChild; public BinaryNode() { this(null); } public BinaryNode(T data) { this(data, null, null); } public BinaryNode(T data, BinaryNode left, BinaryNode right) { this.data = data; leftChild = left; setRightChild(right); } public T getData() { return data; } public void setData(T data) { this.data = data; } public BinaryNode getLeftChild(){ return leftChild; } public void setLeftChild(BinaryNode left) { leftChild = left; }

public BinaryNode getRightChild() { return rightChild; }

public void setRightChild(BinaryNode right) { this.rightChild = right; } public boolean hasLeftChild() { return leftChild != null; } public boolean hasRightChild() { return rightChild != null; } public boolean isLeaf() { return (!hasLeftChild() && !hasRightChild()); } public BinaryNode copy(){ BinaryNode newRoot = new BinaryNode(data); if(leftChild != null) { newRoot.setLeftChild(leftChild.copy()); } if(rightChild != null) { newRoot.setRightChild(rightChild.copy()); } return newRoot; } public int getHeight() { return getHeight(this); } private int getHeight(BinaryNode node) { int height = 0; if(node != null) { height = 1 + Math.max(getHeight(node.getLeftChild()), getHeight(node.getRightChild())); } return height; } public int getNumberOfNodes() { return getNumberOfNodes(this); } private int getNumberOfNodes(BinaryNode node) { int rightNumber = 0; int leftNumber = 0; if(leftChild != null) { leftNumber = getNumberOfNodes(node.getLeftChild()); } if(rightChild != null) { rightNumber = getNumberOfNodes(node.getRightChild()); } return 1 + leftNumber + rightNumber; } }

BinaryTree.java

import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Stack;

public class BinaryTree implements BinaryTreeInterface {

private BinaryNode root;

public BinaryTree() { root = null; }

public BinaryTree(T rootData) { root = new BinaryNode(rootData); }

public BinaryTree(T rootData, BinaryTree leftTree, BinaryTree rightTree) { privateSetTree(rootData, leftTree, rightTree); }

public void setTree(T rootData) { root = new BinaryNode(rootData); }

public void setTree(T rootData, BinaryTree left, BinaryTree right) { privateSetTree(rootData, left, right); }

private void privateSetTree(T rootData, BinaryTree left, BinaryTree right) { root = new BinaryNode<>(rootData);

if ((left != null) && (!left.isEmpty())) { root.setLeftChild(left.root.copy()); } if ((right != null) && (!right.isEmpty())) { root.setRightChild(right.root.copy()); } }

public T getRootData() { return root.getData(); }

public int getHeight() { return root.getHeight(); }

public int getNumberOfNodes() { return root.getNumberOfNodes(); }

public boolean isEmpty() { return root == null; }

public void clear() { root = null; }

protected BinaryNode getRootNode() { return root; }

public Iterator getPreorderIterator() { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Preorder not supported."); }

public Iterator getInorderIterator() { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Inorder not supported."); }

public Iterator getPostorderIterator() { return new PostorderIterator(); }

public Iterator getLevelorderIterator() { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Level Order not supported."); }

private class PostorderIterator implements Iterator {

private Stack> nodeStack; private BinaryNode current;

public PostorderIterator() { nodeStack = new Stack<>(); current = root; populateStack(current); } private void populateStack(BinaryNode node){ nodeStack.add(node); if(node.hasRightChild()){ populateStack(node.getRightChild()); } if(node.hasLeftChild()){ populateStack(node.getLeftChild()); } }

public boolean hasNext() { return !nodeStack.isEmpty(); }

public T next() { return nodeStack.pop().getData(); }

}

}

BinaryTreeInterface.java

public interface BinaryTreeInterface extends TreeInterface, TreeIteratorInterface{ public void setTree(T rootData); public void setTree(T rootData, BinaryTree left, BinaryTree right); }

TreeIteratorInterface.java

import java.util.Iterator;

public interface TreeIteratorInterface { public Iterator getPreorderIterator(); public Iterator getInorderIterator(); public Iterator getPostorderIterator(); public Iterator getLevelorderIterator(); }

DictionaryInterface.java

import java.util.Iterator;

public interface DictionaryInterface{

public V add(K key, V value);

public V remove(K key);

public V getValue(K key);

public boolean contains(K key);

public Iterator getKeyIterator();

public boolean isEmpty();

public int getSize();

public void clear();

}

BSTDictionary.java

import java.util.Iterator;

public class BSTDictionary,V>

implements DictionaryInterface{

private SearchTreeInterface> bst;

public BSTDictionary(){

bst = new BinarySearchTree<>();

}

private class Entry,T>

implements Comparable>

{

private S key;

private T value;

private Entry(S searchKey, T dataValue){

key = searchKey;

value = dataValue;

}

public int compareTo(Entry other){

return key.compareTo(other.key);

}

// Entry should also define the method equals, to String, getKey, getValue, and setValue. no setKey is provided

}

@Override

public V add(K key, V value) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

return null;

}

@Override

public V remove(K key) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

return null;

}

@Override

public V getValue(K key) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

return null;

}

@Override

public boolean contains(K key) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

return false;

}

@Override

public Iterator getKeyIterator() {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

return null;

}

@Override

public boolean isEmpty() {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

return false;

}

@Override

public int getSize() {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

return 0;

}

@Override

public void clear() {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

}

uscontitution.txt

We the People of the United States in Order to form a more perfect Union establish Justice insure domestic Tranquility provide for the common defence promote the general Welfare and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America

Article 1

Section 1 All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives

Section 2 The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature

No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States and who shall not when elected be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen

Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union according to their respective Numbers which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons including those bound to Service for a Term of Years and excluding Indians not taxed three fifths of all other Persons

The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States and within every subsequent Term of ten Years in such Manner as they shall by Law direct The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand but each State shall have at Least one Representative and until such enumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three Massachusetts eight Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one Connecticut five New York six New Jersey four Pennsylvania eight Delaware one Maryland six Virginia ten North Carolina five South Carolina five and Georgia three

When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other Officers and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment

Section 3 The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State chosen by the Legislature thereof for six Years and each Senator shall have one Vote

Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year so that one third may be chosen every second Year and if Vacancies happen by Resignation or otherwise during the Recess of the Legislature of any State the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature which shall then fill such Vacancies

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States and who shall not when elected be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen

The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate but shall have no Vote unless they be equally divided

The Senate shall choose their other Officers and also a President pro tempore in the absence of the Vice President or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States

The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments When sitting for that Purpose they shall be on Oath or Affirmation When the President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor Trust or Profit under the United States but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment Trial Judgment and Punishment according to Law

Section 4 The Times Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations except as to the Place of Choosing Senators

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day

Section 5 Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections Returns and Qualifications of its own Members and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members in such Manner and under such Penalties as each House may provide

Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings punish its Members for disorderly Behavior and with the Concurrence of two-thirds expel a Member

Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings and from time to time publish the same excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall at the Desire of one fifth of those Present be entered on the Journal

Neither House during the Session of Congress shall without the Consent of the other adjourn for more than three days nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting

Section 6 The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services to be ascertained by Law and paid out of the Treasury of the United States They shall in all Cases except Treason Felony and Breach of the Peace be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses and in going to and returning from the same and for any Speech or Debate in either House they shall not be questioned in any other Place

No Senator or Representative shall during the Time for which he was elected be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States which shall have been created or the Emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time and no Person holding any Office under the United States shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office

Section 7 All bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills

Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate shall before it become a Law be presented to the President of the United States If he approve he shall sign it but if not he shall return it with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal and proceed to reconsider it If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill it shall be sent together with the Objections to the other House by which it shall likewise be reconsidered and if approved by two thirds of that House it shall become a Law But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by Yeas and Nays and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days Sundays excepted after it shall have been presented to him the Same shall be a Law in like Manner as if he had signed it unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return in which Case it shall not be a Law

Every Order Resolution or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary except on a question of Adjournment shall be presented to the President of the United States and before the Same shall take Effect shall be approved by him or being disapproved by him shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill

Section 8 The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes Duties Imposts and Excises to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States but all Duties Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States

To borrow money on the credit of the United States

To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations and among the several States and with the Indian Tribes

To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States

To coin Money regulate the Value thereof and of foreign Coin and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures

To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States

To establish Post Offices and Post Roads

To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries

To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court

To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas and Offenses against the Law of Nations

To declare War grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water

To raise and support Armies but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years

To provide and maintain a Navy

To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces

To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions

To provide for organizing arming and disciplining the Militia and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States reserving to the States respectively the Appointment of the Officers and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress

To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever over such District not exceeding ten Miles square as may by Cession of particular States and the acceptance of Congress become the Seat of the Government of the United States and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be for the Erection of Forts Magazines Arsenals dock-Yards and other needful Buildings And

To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States or in any Department or Officer thereof

Section 9 The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight but a tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation not exceeding ten dollars for each Person

The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it

No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed

No capitation or other direct Tax shall be laid unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken

No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State

No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another nor shall Vessels bound to or from one State be obliged to enter clear or pay Duties in another

No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time

No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them shall without the Consent of the Congress accept of any present Emolument Office or Title of any kind whatever from any King Prince or foreign State

Section 10 No State shall enter into any Treaty Alliance or Confederation grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal coin Money emit Bills of Credit make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts pass any Bill of Attainder ex post facto Law or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts or grant any Title of Nobility

No State shall without the Consent of the Congress lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection Laws and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts laid by any State on Imports or Exports shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Control of the Congress

No State shall without the Consent of Congress lay any duty of Tonnage keep Troops or Ships of War in time of Peace enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State or with a foreign Power or engage in War unless actually invaded or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay

Article 2

Section 1 The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years and together with the Vice-President chosen for the same Term be elected as follows

Each State shall appoint in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct a Number of Electors equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress but no Senator or Representative or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States shall be appointed an Elector

The Electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by Ballot for two persons of whom one at least shall not lie an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for and of the Number of Votes for each which List they shall sign and certify and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States directed to the President of the Senate The President of the Senate shall in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives open all the Certificates and the Votes shall then be counted The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed and if there be more than one who have such Majority and have an equal Number of Votes then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by Ballot one of them for President and if no Person have a Majority then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner choose the President But in choosing the President the Votes shall be taken by States the Representation from each State having one Vote a quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two-thirds of the States and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice In every Case after the Choice of the President the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes the Senate shall choose from them by Ballot the Vice-President

The Congress may determine the Time of choosing the Electors and the Day on which they shall give their Votes which Day shall be the same throughout the United States

No person except a natural born Citizen or a Citizen of the United States at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution shall be eligible to the Office of President neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty-five Years and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States

In Case of the Removal of the President from Office or of his Death Resignation or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office the same shall devolve on the Vice President and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal Death Resignation or Inability both of the President and Vice President declaring what Officer shall then act as President and such Officer shall act accordingly until the Disability be removed or a President shall be elected

The President shall at stated Times receive for his Services a Compensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States or any of them

Before he enter on the Execution of his Office he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation

"I do solemnly swear or affirm that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States and will to the best of my Ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution of the United States"

Section 2 The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States and of the Militia of the several States when called into the actual Service of the United States he may require the Opinion in writing of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments upon any subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices and he shall have Power to Grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States except in Cases of Impeachment

He shall have Power by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate to make Treaties provided two thirds of the Senators present concur and he shall nominate and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate shall appoint Ambassadors other public Ministers and Consuls Judges of the supreme Court and all other Officers of the United States whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for and which shall be established by Law but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers as they think proper in the President alone in the Courts of Law or in the Heads of Departments

The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session

Section 3 He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient he may on extraordinary Occasions convene both Houses or either of them and in Case of Disagreement between them with Respect to the Time of Adjournment he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States

Section 4 The President Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for and Conviction of Treason Bribery or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors

Article 3

Section 1 The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish The Judges both of the supreme and inferior Courts shall hold their Offices during good Behavior and shall at stated Times receive for their Services a Compensation which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office

Section 2 The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases in Law and Equity arising under this Constitution the Laws of the United States and Treaties made or which shall be made under their Authority to all Cases affecting Ambassadors other public Ministers and Consuls to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party to Controversies between two or more States between a State and Citizens of another State between Citizens of different States between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States and between a State or the Citizens thereof and foreign States Citizens or Subjects

In all Cases affecting Ambassadors other public Ministers and Consuls and those in which a State shall be Party the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction In all the other Cases before mentioned the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction both as to Law and Fact with such Exceptions and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make

The Trial of all Crimes except in Cases of Impeachment shall be by Jury and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed but when not committed within any State the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed

Section 3 Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying War against them or in adhering to their Enemies giving them Aid and Comfort No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act or on Confession in open Court

The Congress shall have power to declare the Punishment of Treason but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted

Article 4

Section 1 Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts Records and judicial Proceedings of every other State And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts Records and Proceedings shall be proved and the Effect thereof

Section 2 The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States

A Person charged in any State with Treason Felony or other Crime who shall flee from Justice and be found in another State shall on demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled be delivered up to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime

No Person held to Service or Labour in one State under the Laws thereof escaping into another shall in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein be discharged from such Service or Labour But shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due

Section 3 New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union but no new States shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States or parts of States without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress

The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States or of any particular State

Section 4 The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government and shall protect each of them against Invasion and on Application of the Legislature or of the Executive when the Legislature cannot be convened against domestic Violence

Article 5

The Congress whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary shall propose Amendments to this Constitution or on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments which in either Case shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes as part of this Constitution when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States or by Conventions in three fourths thereof as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article and that no State without its Consent shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate

Article 6

All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into before the Adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation

This Constitution and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof and all Treaties made or which shall be made under the Authority of the United States shall be the supreme Law of the Land and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned and the Members of the several State Legislatures and all executive and judicial Officers both of the United States and of the several States shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation to support this Constitution but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States

Article 7

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same

Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth In Witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names

George Washington President and deputy from Virginia

New Hampshire John Langdon Nicholas Gilman

Massachusetts Nathaniel Gorham Rufus King

Connecticut William Samuel Johnson Roger Sherman

New York Alexander Hamilton

New Jersey William Livingston David Brearley William Paterson Jonathan Dayton

Pennsylvania Benjamin Franklin Thomas Mifflin Robert Morris George Clymer Thomas Fitzsimons Jared Ingersoll James Wilson Gouvernour Morris

Delaware George Read Gunning Bedford Jr John Dickinson Richard Bassett Jacob Broom

Maryland James McHenry Daniel of St Thomas Jenifer Daniel Carroll

Virginia John Blair James Madison Jr

North Carolina William Blount Richard Dobbs Spaight Hugh Williamson

South Carolina John Rutledge Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Charles Pinckney Pierce Butler

Georgia William Few Abraham Baldwin

Attest William Jackson Secretary

Amendment 1 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances

Amendment 2 A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed

Amendment 3 No Soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the Owner nor in time of war but in a manner to be prescribed by law

Amendment 4 The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no Warrants shall issue but upon probable cause supported by Oath or affirmation and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized

Amendment 5 No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury except in cases arising in the land or naval forces or in the Militia when in actual service in time of War or public danger nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself nor be deprived of life liberty or property without due process of law nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation

Amendment 6 In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed which district shall have been previously ascertained by law and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation to be confronted with the witnesses against him to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence

Amendment 7 In Suits at common law where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars the right of trial by jury shall be preserved and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law

Amendment 8 Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted

Amendment 9 The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people

Amendment 10 The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution nor prohibited by it to the States are reserved to the States respectively or to the people

Amendment 11 The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State

Amendment 12 The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President one of whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President and of all persons voted for as Vice-President and of the number of votes for each which lists they shall sign and certify and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States directed to the President of the Senate

The President of the Senate shall in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted

The person having the greatest Number of votes for President shall be the President if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed and if no person have such majority then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President the House of Representatives shall choose immediately by ballot the President But in choosing the President the votes shall be taken by states the representation from each state having one vote a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them before the fourth day of March next following then the Vice-President shall act as President as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President

The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President shall be the Vice-President if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed and if no person have a majority then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice-President a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States

Amendment 13 1 Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction

2 Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation

Amendment 14 1 All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any State deprive any person of life liberty or property without due process of law nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws

2 Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers counting the whole number of persons in each State excluding Indians not taxed But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States Representatives in Congress the Executive and Judicial officers of a State or the members of the Legislature thereof is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States or in any way abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crime the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State

3 No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress or elector of President and Vice-President or hold any office civil or military under the United States or under any State who having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress or as an officer of the United States or as a member of any State legislature or as an executive or judicial officer of any State to support the Constitution of the United States shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House remove such disability

4 The validity of the public debt of the United States authorized by law including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion shall not be questioned But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave but all such debts obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void

5 The Congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate legislation the provisions of this article

Amendment 15 1 The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race color or previous condition of servitude

2 The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation

Amendment 16 The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes from whatever source derived without apportionment among the several States and without regard to any census or enumeration

Amendment 17 The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State elected by the people thereof for six years and each Senator shall have one vote The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures

When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies Provided That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution

Amendment 18 1 After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors within the importation thereof into or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited

2 The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation

3 This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States as provided in the Constitution within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress

Amendment 19 The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation

Amendment 20 1 The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified and the terms of their successors shall then begin

2 The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January unless they shall by law appoint a different day

3 If at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President the President elect shall have died the Vice President elect shall become President If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified declaring who shall then act as President or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified

4 The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them

5 Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article

6 This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission

Amendment 21 1 The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed

2 The transportation or importation into any State Territory or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors in violation of the laws thereof is hereby prohibited

3 The article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States as provided in the Constitution within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress

Amendment 22 1 No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice and no person who has held the office of President or acted as President for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this Article was proposed by the Congress and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President or acting as President during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term

2 This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress

Amendment 23 1 The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State but in no event more than the least populous State they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States but they shall be considered for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President to be electors appointed by a State and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment

2 The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation

Amendment 24 1 The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President for electors for President or Vice President or for Senator or Representative in Congress shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax

2 The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation

Amendment 25 1 In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation the Vice President shall become President

2 Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress

3 Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President

4 Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President

Thereafter when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue assembling within forty eight hours for that purpose if not in session If the Congress within twenty one days after receipt of the latter written declaration or if Congress is not in session within twenty one days after Congress is required to assemble determines by two thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President otherwise the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office

Amendment 26 1 The right of citizens of the United States who are eighteen years of age or older to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age

2 The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation

Amendment 27 No law varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives shall take effect until an election of Representatives shall have intervened