In 2005, hybrid vehicles were introduced into the U.S. market. The demand for hybrids, which are typically powered by a combination of gasoline and electric batteries, was based on popular recognition of petroleum as an increasingly scarce nonrenewable resource, as well as consumers' need to combat rising prices at the gas pumps. In addition to achieving greater fuel economy than conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVS), their use also results in reduced emissions. An online "Gas Mileage Impact Calculator," created by the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (www.aceee.org), was used to generate the following tables comparing a conventional sedan (four-door) and an SUV versus their respective hybrid counterparts for 2020 vehicles. Gas Mileage Impact Calculator TOYOTA CAMRY 2.4L 4, AUTO TOYOTA CAMRY HYBRID 2.4L 4, AUTO $2.45/GALLON 15,000 MI/YEAR $2.45/GALLON 15,000 MI/YEAR Gas Consumption 407 gallons 265 gallons Gas Cost $997.15 $649.25 Fuel Economy 34 mpg 52 mpg EMISSIONS Carbon Dioxide 4.4 tons 2.8 tons (greenhouse gas) Carbon Monoxide 235 pounds 169 pounds (poisonous gas) Nitrogen Oxide (lung 10 pounds 7 pounds irritant and smog) Hydrocarbons (smog) 6 pounds 8 pounds TOYOTA HIGHLANDER 3.5L 6, AUTO STK $2.45/GALLON 15,000 MI/YEAR TOYOTA HIGHLANDER HYBRID 3.5L 6, AUTO AWD $2.45/GALLON 15,000 MI/YEAR 600 gallons $1470 23 mpg 496 gallons $1215.20 28 mp3 6.3 tons 5.2 tons Gas Consumption Gas Cost Fuel Economy EMISSIONS Carbon Dioxide (greenhouse gas) Carbon Monoxide (poisonous gas) Nitrogen Oxide (lung irritant and smog) Hydrocarbons (smog) 229 pounds 187 pounds 11 pounds 8 pounds 7 pounds 16 pounds The MSRP and mileage comparisons for the 2020 models are given below. CAMRY CAMRY HYBRID HIGHLANDER HIGHLANDER HYBRID $24,425 $28,430 $31,830 $42,580 MSRP Miles per gallon in city 29 51 21 29 53 27 27 Miles per gallon on highway For the following questions, assume that you drive 15,000 miles per year (all in city) and the price of gasoline is $2.45 per gallon. 1. Write a linear equation that models the total cost of owning and operating each vehicle y as a function of the number of years of ownership x. a. Camry b. Camry Hybrid c. Highlander d. Highlander Hybrid 2. Write a linear equation that models the total number of pounds of carbon dioxide each vehicle emits y as a function of the number of years of ownership z. a. Camry b. Camry Hybrid c. Highlander d. Highlander Hybrid 3. How many years would you have to own and drive the vehicle for the hybrid to be the better deal? a. Camry Hybrid versus Camry b. Highlander Hybrid versus Highlander 4. How many years would you have to own and drive the vehicle to emit more than 50 tons of carbon dioxide? a. Camry Hybrid versus Camry b. Highlander Hybrid versus Highlander In 2005, hybrid vehicles were introduced into the U.S. market. The demand for hybrids, which are typically powered by a combination of gasoline and electric batteries, was based on popular recognition of petroleum as an increasingly scarce nonrenewable resource, as well as consumers' need to combat rising prices at the gas pumps. In addition to achieving greater fuel economy than conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVS), their use also results in reduced emissions. An online "Gas Mileage Impact Calculator," created by the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (www.aceee.org), was used to generate the following tables comparing a conventional sedan (four-door) and an SUV versus their respective hybrid counterparts for 2020 vehicles. Gas Mileage Impact Calculator TOYOTA CAMRY 2.4L 4, AUTO TOYOTA CAMRY HYBRID 2.4L 4, AUTO $2.45/GALLON 15,000 MI/YEAR $2.45/GALLON 15,000 MI/YEAR Gas Consumption 407 gallons 265 gallons Gas Cost $997.15 $649.25 Fuel Economy 34 mpg 52 mpg EMISSIONS Carbon Dioxide 4.4 tons 2.8 tons (greenhouse gas) Carbon Monoxide 235 pounds 169 pounds (poisonous gas) Nitrogen Oxide (lung 10 pounds 7 pounds irritant and smog) Hydrocarbons (smog) 6 pounds 8 pounds TOYOTA HIGHLANDER 3.5L 6, AUTO STK $2.45/GALLON 15,000 MI/YEAR TOYOTA HIGHLANDER HYBRID 3.5L 6, AUTO AWD $2.45/GALLON 15,000 MI/YEAR 600 gallons $1470 23 mpg 496 gallons $1215.20 28 mp3 6.3 tons 5.2 tons Gas Consumption Gas Cost Fuel Economy EMISSIONS Carbon Dioxide (greenhouse gas) Carbon Monoxide (poisonous gas) Nitrogen Oxide (lung irritant and smog) Hydrocarbons (smog) 229 pounds 187 pounds 11 pounds 8 pounds 7 pounds 16 pounds The MSRP and mileage comparisons for the 2020 models are given below. CAMRY CAMRY HYBRID HIGHLANDER HIGHLANDER HYBRID $24,425 $28,430 $31,830 $42,580 MSRP Miles per gallon in city 29 51 21 29 53 27 27 Miles per gallon on highway For the following questions, assume that you drive 15,000 miles per year (all in city) and the price of gasoline is $2.45 per gallon. 1. Write a linear equation that models the total cost of owning and operating each vehicle y as a function of the number of years of ownership x. a. Camry b. Camry Hybrid c. Highlander d. Highlander Hybrid 2. Write a linear equation that models the total number of pounds of carbon dioxide each vehicle emits y as a function of the number of years of ownership z. a. Camry b. Camry Hybrid c. Highlander d. Highlander Hybrid 3. How many years would you have to own and drive the vehicle for the hybrid to be the better deal? a. Camry Hybrid versus Camry b. Highlander Hybrid versus Highlander 4. How many years would you have to own and drive the vehicle to emit more than 50 tons of carbon dioxide? a. Camry Hybrid versus Camry b. Highlander Hybrid versus Highlander