In 2020, the state of Illinois adopted a law that banned employers from requesting the salary histories of job applicants. Some advocates for salary history bans on job applications argue that revealing this information can penalize workers who start in low paying or part-time jobs. Opponents of this law argue that the information enables a smooth job search process by revealing a candidate's salary expectations early in the interview process. The state of Missouri did NOT pass a salary history ban. The chart (below) indicates the average salaries for full-time workers in Missouri and Illinois for years before and after Illinois' law change. State Missouri Illinois Average full-time salary for female workers in 2016-2019 $51,000 $54,000 Average full-time salary for female workers in 2021-2024 $53,000 $59,000 Answer the question below: (a) Given the available information, which type of research design is being described? Randomized experiment, quasi-experiment, time series analysis, or cross-sectional regression analysis? Explain your reasoning. (4 points) (b) Given the available information, calculate the difference-in-difference estimate for the effect of the law change in Illinois. In addition to the numerical calculation, interpret the meaning of the number. (3 points) (c) Using your calculation in part (b), list and explain one shortcoming in your estimated effect of the law on the average salary of full-time female workers. (2 points) Strongly support: 26% Somewhat support: 19% Somewhat oppose: 14% NOTE Numbers rounded Strongly oppose: USA TODAY ALT 21% Not sure: 21% SOURCE YouGov poll 7:55 AM - May 6, 2022 TweetDeck Answer the following questions: (a) Would a federal ban on menthol-flavored cigarettes reflect the "market failure motive" or the "redistribution motive" for public policy intervention? Explain. (2 points) (b) Suppose the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that, before a federal ban on menthol-flavored cigarettes, there were a total of 14 million people who smoked menthol-flavored cigarettes. Would a drop in menthol-flavored cigarette smokers by 14 million be an estimate of the direct or indirect effect of the ban? Explain. (2 points) Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 2 2 points Disney Sets Big Price Boost In Streaming as Users Quit BY ROBBIE WHELAN Disney's era of budget- priced streaming video pack- ages and galloping subscriber growth has come to an end. For the second time in about a year, Disney an- nounced a round of major price increases to its stream- ing products, raising the cost of the ad-free versions of Dis- ney+ and Hulu by more than 20% each. The company also vowed to crack down on pass- word-sharing, an effort that streaming rival Netflix started in earnest earlier this year. The moves, along with deep cuts announced early this year, are geared toward achieving profitability for Disney's streaming segment by Septem- ber 2024. "Our streaming business is still actually very young," Dis- ney Chief Executive Robert Iger told investors during a conference call to discuss the company's latest results. "Be cause we're new at all of this," he said, Disney still has to fig- ure out how to properly bal- ance pricing, cost savings and money spent on marketing. The price increases and pledge to address account sharing come as the company said earlier Wednesday that its streaming business lost far less money in the latest quarter than it did in previous periods, but reported that its flagship Disney+ streaming service lost domestic subscribers for the second quarter in a row. The company also raised prices on its Hulu Live televi- sion packages and announced the launch of a new bundle known as the Duo Premium, which pairs Disney+ and Hulu without ads for $19.99 a month. Previously, the com- pany had offered both services as stand-alone products, or bundled with ESPN+ for the same $19.99 price. The com- pany plans to raise the price of the bundle including all three services to $24.99 per month. Wednesday's price in- creases, which take effect in October, mean that the monthly cost of the ad-free stand-alone version of Disney+ has doubled to $13.99 from its 2019 introductory price of $6.99. The price of Disney's ad- free Hulu service will rise to $17.99 from $14.99, making it Please turn to page A2 A "Market failure" OR "Not a market failure"? State whether the headline (...just the headline, shown above) provides an example of a market failure or not. Explicitly state "Yes, market failure" or "No, not a market failure." Explain your reasoning. (2 points) Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt Paragraph BIU T v Dz = To