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In 2021, Jasmine and Thomas, a married couple, had taxable income of $100,500. If they were to file separate tax returns, Jasmine would have reported

In 2021, Jasmine and Thomas, a married couple, had taxable income of $100,500. If they were to file separate tax returns, Jasmine would have reported taxable income of $90,500 and Thomas would have reported taxable income of $10,000. Use Tax Rate Schedule for reference.

2021 Tax Rate Schedules

Individuals

Schedule X-Single

If taxable income is over: But not over: The tax is:
$ 0 $ 9,950 10% of taxable income
$ 9,950 $ 40,525 $995 plus 12% of the excess over $9,950
$ 40,525 $ 86,375 $4,664 plus 22% of the excess over $40,525
$ 86,375 $ 164,925 $14,751 plus 24% of the excess over $86,375
$ 164,925 $ 209,425 $33,603 plus 32% of the excess over $164,925
$ 209,425 $ 523,600 $47,843 plus 35% of the excess over $209,425
$ 523,600 $157,804.25 plus 37% of the excess over $523,600

Schedule Y-1-Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Widow(er)

If taxable income is over: But not over: The tax is:
$ 0 $ 19,900 10% of taxable income
$ 19,900 $ 81,050 $1,990 plus 12% of the excess over $19,900
$ 81,050 $ 172,750 $9,328 plus 22% of the excess over $81,050
$ 172,750 $ 329,850 $29,502 plus 24% of the excess over $172,750
$ 329,850 $ 418,850 $67,206 plus 32% of the excess over $329,850
$ 418,850 $ 628,300 $95,686 plus 35% of the excess over $418,850
$ 628,300 $168,993.50 plus 37% of the excess over $628,300

Schedule Z-Head of Household

If taxable income is over: But not over: The tax is:
$ 0 $ 14,200 10% of taxable income
$ 14,200 $ 54,200 $1,420 plus 12% of the excess over $14,200
$ 54,200 $ 86,350 $6,220 plus 22% of the excess over $54,200
$ 86,350 $ 164,900 $13,293 plus 24% of the excess over $86,350
$ 164,900 $ 209,400 $32,145 plus 32% of the excess over $164,900
$ 209,400 $ 523,600 $46,385 plus 35% of the excess over $209,400
$ 523,600 $156,355 plus 37% of the excess over $523,600

Schedule Y-2-Married Filing Separately

If taxable income is over: But not over: The tax is:
$ 0 $ 9,950 10% of taxable income
$ 9,950 $ 40,525 $995 plus 12% of the excess over $ 9,950
$ 40,525 $ 86,375 $4,664 plus 22% of the excess over $40,525
$ 86,375 $ 164,925 $14,751 plus 24% of the excess over $86,375
$ 164,925 $ 209,425 $33,603 plus 32% of the excess over $164,925
$ 209,425 $ 314,150 $47,843 plus 35% of the excess over $209,425
$ 314,150 $84,496.75 plus 37% of the excess over $314,150

What is the couples marriage penalty or benefit? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

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