In 2021, Jasmine and Thomas, a married couple, had taxable income of $100,500. If they were to file separate tax returns, Jasmine would have reported taxable income of $90,500 and Thomas would have reported taxable income of $10,000. Use Tax Rate Schedule for reference.

2021 Tax Rate Schedules

Individuals

Schedule X-Single

If taxable income is over:	But not over:	The tax is:
$ 0	$ 9,950	10% of taxable income
$ 9,950	$ 40,525	$995 plus 12% of the excess over $9,950
$ 40,525	$ 86,375	$4,664 plus 22% of the excess over $40,525
$ 86,375	$ 164,925	$14,751 plus 24% of the excess over $86,375
$ 164,925	$ 209,425	$33,603 plus 32% of the excess over $164,925
$ 209,425	$ 523,600	$47,843 plus 35% of the excess over $209,425
$ 523,600		$157,804.25 plus 37% of the excess over $523,600

Schedule Y-1-Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Widow(er)

If taxable income is over:	But not over:	The tax is:
$ 0	$ 19,900	10% of taxable income
$ 19,900	$ 81,050	$1,990 plus 12% of the excess over $19,900
$ 81,050	$ 172,750	$9,328 plus 22% of the excess over $81,050
$ 172,750	$ 329,850	$29,502 plus 24% of the excess over $172,750
$ 329,850	$ 418,850	$67,206 plus 32% of the excess over $329,850
$ 418,850	$ 628,300	$95,686 plus 35% of the excess over $418,850
$ 628,300		$168,993.50 plus 37% of the excess over $628,300

Schedule Z-Head of Household

If taxable income is over:	But not over:	The tax is:
$ 0	$ 14,200	10% of taxable income
$ 14,200	$ 54,200	$1,420 plus 12% of the excess over $14,200
$ 54,200	$ 86,350	$6,220 plus 22% of the excess over $54,200
$ 86,350	$ 164,900	$13,293 plus 24% of the excess over $86,350
$ 164,900	$ 209,400	$32,145 plus 32% of the excess over $164,900
$ 209,400	$ 523,600	$46,385 plus 35% of the excess over $209,400
$ 523,600		$156,355 plus 37% of the excess over $523,600

Schedule Y-2-Married Filing Separately

If taxable income is over:	But not over:	The tax is:
$ 0	$ 9,950	10% of taxable income
$ 9,950	$ 40,525	$995 plus 12% of the excess over $ 9,950
$ 40,525	$ 86,375	$4,664 plus 22% of the excess over $40,525
$ 86,375	$ 164,925	$14,751 plus 24% of the excess over $86,375
$ 164,925	$ 209,425	$33,603 plus 32% of the excess over $164,925
$ 209,425	$ 314,150	$47,843 plus 35% of the excess over $209,425
$ 314,150		$84,496.75 plus 37% of the excess over $314,150

What is the couples marriage penalty or benefit? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)