In 2023, Carson is claimed as a dependent on his parents' tax return. His parents report taxable income of $200,000 (married filing jointly). Carson's parents provided most of his support.

What is Carson's tax liability for the year in each of the following alternative circumstances? Use Tax Rate Schedule, Dividends and Capital Gains Tax Rates for reference.

2023 Tax Rate Schedules

Individuals Schedule X-Single

If taxable income is over:	But not over:	The tax is:
$ 0	$ 11,000	10% of taxable income
$ 11,000	$ 44,725	$1,100 plus 12% of the excess over $11,000
$ 44,725	$ 95,375	$5,147 plus 22% of the excess over $44,725
$ 95,375	$ 182,100	$16,290 plus 24% of the excess over $95,375
$ 182,100	$ 231,250	$37,104 plus 32% of the excess over $182,100
$ 231,250	$ 578,125	$52,832 plus 35% of the excess over $231,250
$ 578,125		$174,238.25 plus 37% of the excess over $578,125

Schedule Y-1-Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying surviving spouse

If taxable income is over:	But not over:	The tax is:
$ 0	$ 22,000	10% of taxable income
$ 22,000	$ 89,450	$2,200 plus 12% of the excess over $22,000
$ 89,450	$ 190,750	$10,294 plus 22% of the excess over $89,450
$ 190,750	$ 364,200	$32,580 plus 24% of the excess over $190,750
$ 364,200	$ 462,500	$74,208 plus 32% of the excess over $364,200
$ 462,500	$ 693,750	$105,664 plus 35% of the excess over $462,500
$ 693,750		$186,601.5 plus 37% of the excess over $693,750

Schedule Z-Head of Household

If taxable income is over:	But not over:	The tax is:
$ 0	$ 15,700	10% of taxable income
$ 15,700	$ 59,850	$1,570 plus 12% of the excess over $15,700
$ 59,850	$ 95,350	$6,868 plus 22% of the excess over $59,850
$ 95,350	$ 182,100	$14,678 plus 24% of the excess over $95,350
$ 182,100	$ 231,250	$35,498 plus 32% of the excess over $182,100
$ 231,250	$ 578,100	$51,226 plus 35% of the excess over $231,250
$ 578,100		$172,623.5 plus 37% of the excess over $578,100

Schedule Y-2-Married Filing Separately

If taxable income is over:	But not over:	The tax is:
$ 0	$ 11,000	10% of taxable income
$ 11,000	$ 44,725	$1,100 plus 12% of the excess over $11,000
$ 44,725	$ 95,375	$5,147 plus 22% of the excess over $44,725
$ 95,375	$ 182,100	$16,290 plus 24% of the excess over $95,375
$ 182,100	$ 231,250	$37,104 plus 32% of the excess over $182,100
$ 231,250	$ 346,875	$52,832 plus 35% of the excess over $231,250
$ 346,875		$93,300.75 plus 37% of the excess over $346,875

Tax Rates for Net Capital Gains and Qualified Dividends

Rate*	Taxable Income
Married Filing Jointly	Married Filing Separately	Single	Head of Household	Trusts and Estates
0%	$0 - $89,250	$0 - $44,625	$0 - $44,625	$0 - $59,750	$0 - $3,000
15%	$89,251 - $553,850	$44,626 - $276,900	$44,626 - $492,300	$59,751 - $523,050	$3,001 - $14,650
20%	$553,851+	$276,901+	$492,301+	$523,051+	$523,051+

b. Carson is 23 years old at year-end. He is a full-time student and earned $15,000 from his summer internship and part-time job. He also received $5,000 of qualified dividend income.