In a famous study, ${?}^1$ investigators created mock identical resum$$s$,$ which were sent to job placement ads in Chicago and Boston. Each resum$$ was randomly assigned either a commonly$-$white or commonlyblack name. In total, $246$ out of $2445$ commonly$-$white named resum$$s received a callback and $164$ out of $2445$ commonly$-$black named resum$$s received a callback.