In a university class, some students sit at the front of the room and always do well on quizzes, tests, and papers, while some other students who often struggle sit at the back. When the professor is handing back the last quiz before the midterm, some of students at the front did unexpectedly poorly because some of the questions were worded in a tricky or confusing way. Even though the midterm is coming up next week, these students at the front, who are generally the ones always raising their hands to answer or ask questions in class, monopolize an entire class period arguing with the professor about two of the quiz questions that would have made a difference in their quiz grades. As a result, there is much less time for the professor to spend on midterm review, and when the midterm comes up, the students who sit at the back of the class all get Ds or Fs because there was not much in-class review. By contrast, the students who sit at the front all get their usual high scores on the midterm. The students at the back of the class suffered because the students at the front used