In "Adventures of an IT Leader" (chapter titled, "Standardization"), the author described how IVK's IT infrastructure has become increasingly costly and difficult to maintain due to the proliferating complexity of IT infrastructure where there's an over-abundance of software, hardware, and services of different versions and brands to maintain. In essence, individual business units/functional areas are getting to 'call their own shots' with respect to IT. The end result is that IVK is spending a disproportionate amount of its IT budget simply maintaining existing infrastructure and apps rather than deploying new value-added business applications.

Describe what type of IT governance reforms IVK should immediately consider instituting to turn this situation around.

Please be specific in your recommendations.