In August $2005,$ Bernd Pischetsrieder, chief executive of Volkswagen, announced further restructuring plans for the company. VW is Europe's largest carmaker and needs to make itself profitable once again. To do so$,$ VW will cut thousands of jobs in the coming years through natural attrition, early retirement, and buying workers out of their contracts. The carmaker is also considering whether its component parts factories in Brunswick, Kassel, and Wolfsburg are helping VW accomplish its organizational goal. Pischetsrieder blames much of the company's problems on restructuring that was done in $1993.$ He insists that the company is missing a whole generation of managers because its former CEO eliminated a whole layer of management. Now, $45$ percent of $($current$)$ managers will be going into retirement in the next three or four years.

Bernd Pischetsrieder is an example of a:

A$.$

first$-$line manager

B$.$

team leader

C$.$

middle manager

D$.$

supervisor

E$.$

top manager