In Chemistry class, you learned about the different orbits of electrons of an atom and how they are arranged in different patterns.

There is the s$-$orbital which holds $2$ electrons, the p$-$orbital which holds $6,$ the d$-$orbital which holds $10,$ etc. There is a chart of electron

orbitals to understand how they are populated for a specific atom. Additionally, there is a pattern to how the electrons fill the orbitals.

see the following diagram below.

The rules for filling in the electron orbitals is to follow the diagonals. The electrons will fill in the first orbital before moving to the next.

As shown in the diagram, the order of the orbitals is as follows: $1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d,7p.$ For

example, Sodium $($atomic #$11),$ will first fill in the two electrons in the $1$s orbital, then the next two electrons in the $2s$ orbital, the next six

in the $2$ p orbital, and finally the last one in the $3$ s orbital.

Write a C program to prompt the user for an atomic number, and the program will print out the electron orbital chart for that element. If

the user enters a number outside the periodic chart $($e$.$g$.$ above $118)$ give an error message of "Number is outside the range of atomic

numbers." and exit. The output will be an orbital chart, where each entry will contain the orbit number $(1-7)$ followed by the orbital type

$(s,p,d,f$ and finally the number of electrons that are in that orbital. If the final orbital is not fully populated, it should print the actual

number of electrons there, not the total possible. See below for some sample output runs.

Enter atomic number: $34$

The orbitals for element #$34$ are:

$1s2$

$2$s$22$p$6$

$3$s$23$p$63$d$10$

$4$s$24$p$4$

Enter atomic number: $63$

The orbitals for element #$63$ are:

$1s2$

$2$s$22$p$6$

$3$s$23$p$63$d$10$

$4$s$24$p$64$d$104$f$7$

$5$s$25$p$6$

$6s2$

Notes:

You must use nested loops for this program $($No hardcoding with $7$ printf statements$).$

Since we have not yet learned about arrays or the string library, you cannot use them for this assignment.

To make printing easier, you may put a space after each entry. $($e$.$g$."1$s$2\_")$