In chemistry, pH is a scale used to specify how acidic or basic a water-based solution is. Acidic solutions have a lower pH, while basic solutions have a higher pH. At room temperature (77 F), pure water is neither acidic nor basic and has a pH of 7. A room temperature solution with a pH greater than 7 is basic while a room temperature solution with pH less than 7 is acidic. The pH of a solution is given by pH = = log(H+) - where H+ is the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L). Use this formula to address the following items. The pH of bread is 5.5. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of bread? Leave your answer as a power of 10. mol/L The pH of human blood is 7.4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of human blood? Leave your answer as a power of 10. mol/L Acidity and Alkalinity of a Solution The acidity or alkalinity of a solution is measured on a pH scale with pH=-log[H+] where H+ is the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution (in moles per liter or M ). Pure water has a pH of 7. Acidic solutions have pH less than 7 and basic (alkaline) solutions have pH greater than 7. Most solutions have pH between 1 and 14. Complete the following table. Substance H+ pH Bleach 10-13 M Wine 10-3.5 M Milk M 6.6 Ammonia M 11.9 Limewater -12.3 10 M Blood M 7.4 The Richter scale measures the magnitude of an earthquake by comparing the amplitude of the seismic waves of the given earthquake to those of a "magnitude 0 event", which was chosen to be a seismograph reading of 0.01 millimeters recorded on a seismometer 100 kilometers from the earthquake's epicenter. Specifically, the magnitude of an earthquake is given by The Richter Scale reading of an earthquake is based on a logarithmic equation. Suppose: I M = log Io where I - the measure of the amplitude of the earthquake wave Io = 104 the amplitude of the smallest detectable wave (or standard wave). Evaluate the following (a) M(0.001) = = (b) M(90,000) = Round to one decimal place. (c) How many times larger is an earthquake that registered 7 on the Richter scale than one that measured 6?